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Crim 103 Final Exam Material > Lecture 7 - Mental Disorders > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - Mental Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Mental disorder

A

A behavioural or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.

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2
Q

Mental Disorder relationship with violence

A

Violence is associated with current, serious MD

  • Past MD alone is not a good predictor of violence
  • Schizophrenics at high risk for violence

Majority of people with MD do not commit violence

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3
Q

The DSM-V

A

It is a standard guidebook for clinicians that helps them diagnose mental disorders

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4
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A mental illess that impairs perception and expression of reality

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5
Q

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A

An individual must have two of the following for at least 1 month unless treated:

*At least one symptom must be 1, 2, or 3

  1. Delusions
  2. Hallucinations
  3. Disorganized speech
  4. Grossly disorganized or catonic behvaviour (Innappropriate, unpredictable, disconnected from environment)
  5. Negative symptoms
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6
Q

Delusion

A

a false belief that involves misinterpretation of perceptions or experiences

Bizarre: Bizarre delusions are highly implausible and not understandable. they involve scenarios that are impossible or extremely unlikely to occur

Ex. Believing someone is being mind-controlled by aliens

Non-bizarre: involve situations that could occur in real life, though they are not actually happening to the person.

Ex. Believing your wife is cheating without any evidence

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7
Q

How long must signs persist to be considered Schizophrenia

A

continuous signs of disturbance must persist for at least 6 months, with least one month of active symptoms.

  • ongoing for at least 6 months; serious impact on functioning.
  • 6 month period distinguishes Schizophrenia from other disorders
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8
Q

Effects Schizophrenia has on functioning

A

Level of functioning in one or more areas such as work, interpersonal relations, self-care are lower than they were prior to the onset

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9
Q

How are disorders in the DSM-V measured

A

severity is rated by a quantitative assessment of the primary symptoms of psychosis

  • Each of the symptoms is rated on a 5 point scale, according to its severity
    (5 meaning very severe, 0 meaning not present)
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10
Q

Catatonia

A

A complex neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by a wide range of motor and behavioural abnormalities

  • Catatonia can occur in context with disorders like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder

Ex.
* inappropriate/bizarre postures
* Unstimulated, excessive motor activity

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11
Q

Features associated with schizophrenia

A
  • Innapporpraite effect
    Ex. Laughing for no apparent reason
  • Dysphoric mood
    Ex. Depression, anxiety, anger
  • Disturbed sleep pattern
    Ex. Daytime sleeping; nighttime activity
  • Lack of eating or food arousal
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12
Q

Risk factors for schizophrenia

A
  • Environmental
    Ex. Winter birth, urban-born
  • Genetic and physiological
    Ex. 10x greater risk if you are a 1st degree relative, pregnancy compications
  • Culture-related diagonostic issues
    Ex. proportion of hallucinations is higher in some regions compared to others
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13
Q

Development and course of schizophrenia

A

Diagnosis typically emerges between the late teens and mid-30s.

  • onset prior to adoclescence is very rare
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14
Q

Persecutory Delusion

A
  • Most common type of delusion

involve the belief that one is going to be harmed, harassed, and so forth by an individual, organization, or other group.

Ex. Believing you are being followed, or mistreated

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15
Q

Referrential delusions

A

involve the belief that certain gestures, comments, environmental cues, or other elements in the environment are directed specifically at oneself.

Ex. When hearing someone talk, you believe they are gossiping about you

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16
Q

Hallucination

A

A perception, in the absence of a stimulus, that is believed to be genuine.

*Can involve any of the 5 senses (Taste, smell, etc.)
* Hearing is the most common

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17
Q

Difference between delusions and hallucinations

A

Delusions are distortions of thought and belief, while hallucinations are distortions of sensory perception.

In hallucinations you believe the false perception is as real as an any experience.

In delusions, you hold a belief towards something with clear evidence against it

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18
Q

3 types of disorganized speech

A

Derailment: jumping between topics

Tangentiality: Answering questions in an unrelated way

Incoherence: Speech that is not understandable

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19
Q

Examples of grossly disorganized behaviours

A
  • Childlike
  • Unpredicatble agitation
  • Inappropraite sexual
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20
Q

Delusional disorder

A

Delusions that last at least one month, without other forms of schizophrenia

Subtypes: Erotomanic, Grandiose, Jealous, Persecutory, Somatic, Mixed, Unspecified

21
Q

Erotomanic delusion

A

Delusion that someone is in love with the individual

22
Q

Grandiose delusion

A

Conviction of having some great talent which is unrealized, or thinking you have made an important discovery

23
Q

Jealous delusion

A

central theme of the individual’s delusion that their spouse or lover is unfaithful

24
Q

Persecutory delusion

A

Delusion that involves the individuals belief that he or she is being conspired against, cheated, spied on, followed, harassed, poisoned, etc

25
Q

Somatic delusion

A

Delusion involves Bodily functions or sensations

26
Q

Mixed delusion

A

There is no one subtype of delusion that is prominantly displayed

27
Q

Unspecified

A

No delusion type in specifc is prominent

28
Q

Mood disorders

A

A disorder characterized by “episodes” of various duration

An episode is a period of specific symptoms

3 types of episodes:

  1. Depressive
  2. Manic
  3. Hypomanic
29
Q

Depressive Episode

A

A 2 week period in which an individual experiences depressive symptoms.

Symptoms include: Depressed mood, loss of interest in all activities, Loss of energy, Insomnia, etc.

These depressive episodes are not due to medical condition, substance use, medications, toxin exposure, bereavement

30
Q

Manic Episode

A

Abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood for more than one week

Must have 3 of:

  • Inflated self‐esteem/grandiosity
  • Decreased need for sleep
  • Talkativeness
  • Flight of ideas
  • Distractibility
  • Increased goal‐directed activities
  • Increased sex drive and sociability
  • Psychomotor agitation
  • Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities w/ high potential for painful consequences
31
Q

Hypomanic episode

A
  • same as manic episode except it must
  1. occur for a minimum of 4 days (instead of 7 which is manic)
  2. Activities are usually organized (not bizarre)

Abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood for more than one week

Must have 3 of:

  • Inflated self‐esteem/grandiosity
  • Decreased need for sleep
  • Talkativeness
  • Flight of ideas
  • Distractibility
  • Increased goal‐directed activities
  • Increased sex drive and sociability
  • Psychomotor agitation
  • Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities w/ high potential for painful consequences
32
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A

5 of the following symptoms are present during the same *2 week period**:

  • At least one must be depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure
  1. Depressed mood
  2. Loss of interest/pleasure in nearly all activities
  3. Significant changes in appetite or weight
  4. Insomnia
  5. Changes in psychomotor activity
  6. Loss of energy
  7. Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
  8. Difficulty thinking, concentrating, or making decisions
  9. Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide

The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

Females have higher

33
Q

Do males and females have the same chance of getting major depressive disorder

A

Females are 1.5 - 3x more likely

34
Q

Peak ahge of onset for major depressive disorder

A

the 20s

35
Q

Mortality rate

A

It is high - 15% die by suicide

36
Q

Risk factors forMajor Depressive Disorder

A
  • Neuroticism
  • adverse childhood experience
  • Stress ful life events
  • Genetics
37
Q

Bipolar Disorders

A

Recurrect episodes of distrubance in mood

2 types:

Bipolar 1 - 1+ Manic episode

*Lasts at least one week

Bipolar 2 - 1+ Major depressive episode AND 1+ hypomanic episode

Strongly linked to violent crime

38
Q

Personality Disorders

A

Enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from cultural experiences

  • Inflexible, pervasive, begins in adolescence, stable over time and causes significant distress or impairment in functioning

Changes in 2 of the following: Cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, impulse control

39
Q

Cluster A

A

odd and eccentric

  1. Paranoid
  2. Schizoid
  3. Schizotypal
40
Q

Cluster B

A

Dramatic, emotional, erratic

  1. Antisocial
  2. Borderline
  3. Histrionic
  4. Narcissistic
41
Q

Cluster C

A

Anxious or fearful

  1. Avoidant
  2. Dependant
  3. Obsessive-Compulsive
42
Q

Fitness to Stand Trial

A

Assesses whether an individual is capable of understanding the charges against them and whether they can particpate adequately in their defense during a criminal court process

  • Acute psychosis is a common reason for being unfit to stand trial
43
Q

Mental Health Act

A

Provincial legislation desgned to help treat/protect people with severe mental disorders, and to protect the public

44
Q

Fitness Interview test

A

A 30 minute test done to assess whether accused is able to:

1.Understand the nature or object of the proceedings
2. Understand the possible consequences of the proceedings
3. Communicate with counsel

45
Q

Unfit to stand trial

A

If individual is unfit to stand trial then treatment my be ordered without consent

46
Q

Procedural issues for criminal responsibility

A
  1. Accused is presumed NOT to suffer from a mental disorder until the contrary is proved on the balance of probabilities
  2. Burden of proof is on party that raises the issue
47
Q

NCRMD defense

A

Not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder

  • argues it is wrong to punish individuals lacking requisite mental state
48
Q

Two Barnch Test

A

Says that no person is criminally responsible for an act committed or an omission made while suffering from a mental disorder that rendered the person incapable of:

  1. appreciating the nature and quality (understanding consequences)
  2. Knowing the act was wrong

Crim 103 Final Exam Material (5 decks)

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