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Biodiversity > Lecture 7: Introduction of Angiosperms > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Introduction of Angiosperms Flashcards

1
Q

Angiosperms are

A

flowering plants

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2
Q

Angiosperms bear

A

seeds enclosed within an ovary (fruit)

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3
Q

Angiosperms are diverse

A

250,000 species worldwide

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4
Q

angiosperms: __% of all known species

A

90

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5
Q

Angiosperms: Important for:

A
  • food source (crops)
  • commercial products (wood, rubber)
  • Influence Earth’s climate (because theyre so abundant, taking in CO2 + releasing O2)
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6
Q

Common features of Vegetative plant body

bottom to top

A
  • Lateral roots
  • Taproot
  • Stem
  • Axillary bud
  • leaf
  • vegetative shoot
  • terminal bud
  • internode
  • node
  • reproductive shoot (flower)
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7
Q

Root system uses:

A
  • Anchorage
  • storage
  • uptake
  • taproot
    • plants store carbohydrate
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8
Q

Shoot system:

A
  • Angle between Petiole (stem leaf is on) & Stem = AXIL (buds here)
  • 85% Cosexual, others monoecious and dioecious
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9
Q

monoecious

A
  • single home

- Male and female flowers on the same plant

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10
Q

dioecious:

A

male and female on separate plants

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11
Q

male -

A

stamen (anther + filament)

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12
Q

female -

A

Pistil (stigma + style + ovary [ovule])

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13
Q

sepal =

A

small leaves

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14
Q

male & female parts and sepal all sit on

A

receptacle &peduncle

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15
Q

the origin of Angiosperms:

A

“an abominable mystery”

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16
Q

when did angiosperms arise?

A

early Cretaceous (145.5-99.6 Mya) -possibly earlier

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17
Q

When did angiosperms dominate vegetation by?

A

93.6 MYA

18
Q

by the end of cretaceous what were present

A

modern groups of Angiosperms

19
Q

where did angiosperms come from? What was thought?

A

Gymnosperms (naked seed)

  • Cycads - ‘tree ferns’
  • Pteridosperms - the ‘seed ferns’
20
Q

where did angiosperms actually come from?

A

when looking at DNA and paleontological evidence this shows that they are actually a sister clade

21
Q

Angiosperms & gymnosperms linked by

A

common ancestor (unknown)

22
Q

Phylogeny of the angiosperms: originally thought

A 
to be just 3:
-basal angiosperms
-monocots
-dicots 
but dicots and monocots split
23
Q

True phylogeny of angiosperms:

A
  • Basal angiosperms
  • Magnolids
  • Monocots
  • Ceratophyllales
  • Eudicots
24
Q

% of species

  • True dicots
  • monocots
  • Eudicots
A
  • True dicots 2%
  • monocots 23%
  • Eudicots 75%
25
Q

Monocot vs. Eudicot

EXAMPLES

A

Monocot: Orchids, Palms, Grasses, lillies 65,000 species
Eudicot: Roses, Daisies, Maples, Buttercup, Cacti 175,000 species

26
Q

Monocot vs. Eudicot

Cotyledons:

A

Monocot: 1
Eudicot: 2

27
Q

Monocot vs. Eudicot

Vascular tissue

A

Monocot: parallel
Eudicot: Net (reticulated)

28
Q

Monocot vs. Eudicot

Stomata

A

Monocot: in lines. Equal both surfaces. Subsidary cells.
Eudicot: Scattered. More on underside. No subsidiary cells.

29
Q

Monocot vs. Eudicot

Stem vasculature:

A

Monocot:
In bundles throughout the stem
Eudicot: Continous ring near surface

30
Q

Monocot vs. Eudicot

cambium

A

monocot: ABSENT
Eudicot: PRESENT

31
Q

Monocot vs. Eudicot

Root system

A

monocot: Fibrous, adventitious (e.g. orchids roots out top of soil)
eudicot: Taproot (plant often stores carbohydrates here)

32
Q

Monocot vs. Eudicot

flower structure

A

monocot:
mulptiples of 3 parts (petals)
eudicot: four or five parts (petals)

33
Q

Monocot vs. Eudicot

pollen grain

A

Monocot: monosulcate
Eudicot: tricolpate

34
Q

what are cotyledons?

A
  • seed leaves
  • formed in the seed
  • carry a food source for growing leaves
  • very different to ‘true’ leaves
35
Q

distribution of angiosperms:

A
  • Occur everywhere except southern Antarctica
  • Woody and herbaceous forms dominate all land except:
  • Boreal forest
  • Juniper savannah
  • temperate forest
36
Q
  • Boreal forest
  • Juniper savannah
  • temperate forest what are these dominated by?
A

GYMNOSPERMS

37
Q

Angiosperms have a ___range of habitats

A

diverse

38
Q

Angiosperms are in ____ ___ forms

A

many diverse.

e.g. monkey orchid, bat flower, corpse flower etc

39
Q

Angiosperms range in size

A

-smallest: Wolfia sp; Araceae <2mm
-biggest flower: Rafflesia upto 1m
Tallest: Eucalyptus regnans; Myrtaceae >100m

40
Q

Diverse seed types to aid..

A

dispersal!

41
Q

diverse..

A 
root forms
stem forms 
seeds 
size
leaf shape
habitat

Biodiversity (11 decks)

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