Lecture 7 - Epithelial Glands

Question 1

Secretory cells that remain within the epithelial layer are ____________ glands. Secretory cells that grow down into the under lying connective tissue are ____________ glands.

Answer 1

Unicellular; multicellular

Question 2

What are the two types of glands? Differentiate between them.

Answer 2

Exocrine: remains connected to epithelial layer via a duct which it secretes its products into

Endocrine: isolated from parent epithelial layer; secretes its product (hormone) into surrounding blood vessels

Question 3

Give examples of exocrine glands.

Answer 3

Salivary, mammary, sweat, sebaceous, liver, and pancreas

Question 4

Give examples of endocrine glands.

Answer 4

Pituitary, thyroid, pineal, parathyroid, adrenal, gonads, liver, pancreas

Question 5

Define paracrine and autocrine.

Answer 5

Paracrine: secretion affects neighboring cells
Autocrine: secretion affects the cell that released it

Question 6

What is the difference between simple multicellular glands and compound multicellular glands?

Answer 6

Simple: absence of ductal branching
Compound: presence of ductal branching

Question 7

What are the classifications of glands by shape?

Answer 7

Tubular

• straight
• coiled
• branched

Alveolar (acinar)

Tubuloalveolar(-acinar)

Question 8

List the classifications by gland secretion and describe the secretions.

Answer 8

Serous:
-watery, enzyme filled

Mucous:
-thick, mucin-containing

Mixed:

• combination of serous and mucous
• cells are mucous capped by serous demilune

Question 9

List and describe the mechanisms of secretion

Answer 9

Merocrine:
-product released from secretory vesicle via exocytosis

Apocrine:
-product released along with apical cytoplasm

Holocrine:
-product release with entire cell contents

Question 10

What is the difference between parenchyma and stroma?

Answer 10

Parenchyma is the components of the gland derived from epithelium (secretory cells and ducts).

Stroma forms the connective tissue capsule around the gland which sometimes extends into the gland in the form of septa which divide the gland into lobe/lobules.

Question 11

Describe the difference in appearance between salivary glands.

Answer 11

Submandibular:
-both serous and mucous acini

Sublingual:

• mucous acini
• flattened nuclei as basal level

Parotid

• serous acini
• large amount of adipocytes

Question 12

Describe the difference between the different ducts.

Answer 12

Intralobular:
-within a lobule
-roughly the same size as acini
—intercalated ducts, simple squamous to low cuboidal
—striated ducts, cuboidal to high cuboidal

Interlobular:

• between lobules
• columnar to pseudocolumnar tissue
• surrounded by connective tissue