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ACD 2 > Lecture 7: Eating Disorders > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Eating Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the criteria of anorexia nervosa

A
  • underweight
  • intense fear of gaining weight
  • disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is experienced
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2
Q

What are the criteria for bulimia nervosa

A
  • objective binge eating episodes
  • inadequate compensatory behaviors
  • self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight
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3
Q

T/F: the prevalence of eating disorders has gone up in the past 40 years

A

False, it has gone down actually

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4
Q

How much percentage op people recover fully from an ED, how many recover partly and for how many is it chronic

A

Fully; 50%
Partly; 30%
Chronic; 20%

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5
Q

What is the common factor in all of the eating disorders

A

Overevaluation of weight and shape

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6
Q

What are 6 examples of rigid thinking styles in eating disorders

A
  • deficits in mental flexibility
  • holding on to old habits
  • extreme focus on details
  • difficulties in seeing the whole picture
  • perfectionism, extreme need for control
  • compulsive behaviors and obsessive thoughts
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7
Q

What are 3 examples of controlling behaviors in EDs

A
  • body checking
  • counting
  • rituals and rules
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8
Q

How can binge eating function as a reinforcement

A
  • it can function as an escape from negative mood (negative reinforcement)
  • alleviates emotional stress (negative reinforcement)
    This is because
  • attention is drawn away from emotional distress
  • narrowing the focus to the immediate environment
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9
Q

What are the 2 stages

A

First stage; positive consequences; provides feelings of control, relives anxiety in short-term, increased self-esteem because this is something they can do, escaping negative emotions
Second stage; negative consequences; physiological, social and physical

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10
Q

What are 7 examples of psychological consequences

A
  • negative mood increases
  • stress
  • obsessive behaviors increasing
  • more rules
  • problems with concentration
  • emotional numbness
  • body avoidance
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11
Q

What are 7 examples of physical consequences

A
  • lanugo
  • poor blood circulation
  • erythema ab Inge (caused by hot water; dark spots on the body)
  • marks on hands (from inducing vomiting)
  • erosion teeth
  • swelling of glands (in the face)
  • consequences that can’t be seen (eg. Heart problems, underweight, lack of growth, kidney problems)
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12
Q

What are 6 examples of social consequences

A
  • social isolation
  • difficulties in social engagement
  • conflicts
  • avoidance of situations involving eating/body exposure
  • avoidance of physical activities
  • not being able to go to work/school
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13
Q

what are 4 barriers to seeking help in EDs

A
  • lack of knowledge about the illness
  • acknowledgement of ED
  • shame, fear of stigmatisation, problems with disclosure
  • lack of knowledge of treatment
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14
Q

what are 3 options for treatment of EDs

A
  1. Proud2Bme = e-community by and for experts by experience, positive and recovery focused
  2. Featback = online self-help program for everyone who struggles with ED symptoms, automated monitoring and feedback system
  3. Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT) = aims to improve memory, planning skills, central coherence and flexibility; uses certain exercises to develop more flexible thinking styles
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15
Q

explain the structure/content of a session of CRT

A

Structure:
1. Task - explanation and execution
2. Reflection - which thinking strategies were used
3. Translation - link to daily life

Improvement of cognitive flexibility by training set shifting abilities and central coherence

CRT is about how people think, little to do with food/weight/shape –> people like this about it

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16
Q

what are the guidelines regarding treatment for anorexia/bulimia nervosa

A

First choice; outpatient treatment (eg. CBT) –> focus on weight recovery, abstinence from eating/purging, restoration of negative body image and dysfunctional cognitions

Intensive treatment when outpatient does not lead to prolonged weight recovery

Youth; first choice is multi-family treatment

17
Q

explain what was done in the REaCH intervention

A

1) cue awareness; psychoeducation
2) creation of new behavioural routines; behavioural analysis of target behaviours
3) suppression of maladaptive habits
4) emotion regulation; evaluating progress

18
Q

what are 4 strategies for habit change (suppression of maladaptive habits)

A
  1. habit reversal; counteractions
  2. stimulus control; alterations of environment to encourage/discourtage behaviour
  3. urge exposure; seek urge and practice suppression
  4. emotion regulation; skills such as relaxation, connection with values, awareness and distress tolerance
19
Q

what are 6 biological factors related to restrictive-type eating disorders

A

1 - genetic predisposition
2 - gender; female-male = 10-1
3 - obsessive-compulsive or autism spectrum traits
4 - behavioural susceptibility to appetite dysregulation
5 - metabolic vulnerability
6 - environmental influences in the perinatal period

20
Q

what are 7 psychological factors related to restrictive-type eating disorders

A

1 - personality traits (rigidity, attention to detail, intolerance of uncertainty, perfectionism)
2 - cognitive rigidity
3 - high ability to delay reward
4 - reduced theory of mind
5 - increased sensitivity to social ranking/threat
6 - reduced ability to interpret/reciprocate in social interaction
7 - body image disturbance

21
Q

what are 6 psychosocial factors related to restrictive-type eating disorders or bulimic spectrum eating disorders

A

1 - parental eating problems
2 - peer stress (eg. bullying)
3 - trauma
4 - culture (industrialised/western)
5 - thin idealisation/fat talk
6 - middle-to-high socioeconomic status

22
Q

what are 5 behavioural factors related to restrictive-type eating disorders or bulimic spectrum eating disorders

A

1 - overcontrol of weight and eating
2 - overconcern with BMI
3 - coping by avoidance or perfectionism
4 - social isolation
5 - impaired physical/mental quality of life

23
Q

what are 5 biological factors related to bulimic spectrum eating disorders

A

1 - genetic predisposition
2 - gender; female-male = 3-1
3 - metabolic vulnerability
4 - ethnicity; increased prevalence in asians
5 - behavioural susceptibility to appetite dysregulation

24
Q

what are 5 psychological factors related to bulimic spectrum eating disorders

A

1 - childhood adversity
2 - ADHD traits (impulsivity and paying attention)
3 - inability to delay reward
4 - social cognition problems with emotional avoidance
5 - body image disturbance

ACD 2 (6 decks)

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