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Natural Disasters Earth Sc 2GG3 > Lecture 7: Earth's Energy Balance > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Earth's Energy Balance Flashcards

1
Q

Atmosphere compostion

A

78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 1% water vapour/CO2

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2
Q

Troposphere

A

First layer ~11km, all weather confined here

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3
Q

Stratosphere

A

second layer, contains ozone layer

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4
Q

Cloud Prefix Cirro-

A

High cloud

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5
Q

Cloud Prefix Alto-

A

Mid-level Cloud

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6
Q

Cloud Prefix Atrato-

A

Low Cloud

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7
Q

Cloud Suffix -cumulus

A

puffy

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8
Q

Cloud suffix -stratus

A

flat

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9
Q

Nimbostratus

A

Prolonged precipitation

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10
Q

Cumulonumbus

A

Heavy precipitation: dangerous, has lightning

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11
Q

Pressure

A

Force exerted on Earth’s surface by weight of air molecules

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12
Q

Low Pressure

A

air moves counterclockwise, rises -> clouds, rain

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13
Q

High Pressure

A

air moves clockwise, sinks -> clear skies

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14
Q

Fronts

A

Boundary between two air masses

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15
Q

Cold front

A

Cold dense air undercuts warm air: more violent

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16
Q

Warm Front

A

Less dense warm air overrides cold air: more gentle

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17
Q

Hail

A
  • storms with very tall clouds
    1) updrafts push water up
    2) droplet develops ring of ice each time it goes through cloud
    3) Falls once it is heavy enough
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18
Q

Lightning

A
  • Spark of electricity occuring in a cloud, majoirty within the cloud
  • heated air causes air to expand, causing shockwave = thunder
  • atmosphere can refract thunder, making it inaudible
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19
Q

Tornado

A

-rotating column of air touching ground that is formed within a supercell thunderstorm
~ 300 m wide, last less than 30 mins
-travel SW-> NE 50km/hr
-most common in spring

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20
Q

Funnel Cloud

A

-Rotating column not touching the ground

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21
Q

Life Cycle of Tornado

A

1) Organizational Stage: wind shear causes rotation, funnel cloud protrudes
2) Mature Stage: damage at this stage
3) Rope Stage: tornado stretches out and weakens

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22
Q

Wind Shear

A

Change in wind speed/direction over horizontal/vertical distance

23
Q

Enhanced Fujita Scale

A

tornado classified EF0-EF5 based on wind speed

24
Q

Tornado Alleys

A

Flat areas in Canada (SW ontario) and the US (kansas, Oklahoma) where air masses commonly collide

25
Q

Joplin Tornado

A

May 22 2011

  • EF5 tornado with 162 deaths in Joplin
  • most costly: 2.2 billion
26
Q

Goderich Tornado

A

Aug. 21st 2011

  • EF3 tornado in Ontario
  • killed 1 person, destroyed town
  • RADAR on Lake huron gave 12 minute warning
27
Q

Moore Tornado

A

May 20 2013

  • EF4 in Oklahoma, Moore
  • killed 24 people, gave 16 minutes in advance
28
Q

Fog

A
  • clouds on surface that reduce visibility to 1km

- nighttime when air temp. reaches dew point OR when warm air moves over cool lake

29
Q

Blizzard

A

Requires:

1) wind of at least 40 km/hr
2) snow fall or blowing
3) visibility less than 1 km
4) wind chill less than -25
5) All conditions last 3 hours

30
Q

Lake Effect SNow

A
  • heavy snow falls on leeward side of lake

- cause by cold air moving over relatively warm water

31
Q

Lake Effect Clouds

A

-this effect diminishes with freezing lakes

32
Q

Sand Storms

A
  • cause by downdrafton leading edge of thunderstorm
  • rain evaporates before reaching surface
  • occur in arid/semi-arid conditions
  • called Haboobs in the middle east
33
Q

Dust Devil

A

small spinning vortex of air over hot dry land

-caused by obstacles which cause the wind direction to change when hot air rises`

34
Q

Ice Storms

A

-caused by rain freezing once reaching the surface

35
Q

Drought

A

Extended period of unusually low precipitation

  • ;inked to global weather patterns
  • cause crop failure, famine, water shortage
36
Q

Wind Chill

A

-correction factor that is caused by wind making it feel cooper then it is; thin layer of heated air above skin is taken away

37
Q

Humidex

A

Correction factor to a temperature reading that makes air feel warmer than it is

38
Q

Extratropical Cyclones

A

AKA mid-latitude cyclones

  • form over land/water at latitudes 30-70 deg
  • contain rain, snow, freezing rain
39
Q

Tropical Cyclones

A
  • form over warm water from latitudes 5-20 deg

- contain high winds, heavy rain, storm surges

40
Q

Tropical Distrubance

A

large area of low pressure with unsettled weather

41
Q

Tropical Depression

A

Unorganized area of thunderstorm

42
Q

Tropical Storm

A

Unorganized area of storms withw inds 65-119 km/hr

43
Q

Hurricane

A

Area with low pressure and winds of at least 120 km/hr

-AKA Tropical Cyclone/Typhoon

44
Q

Eye

A

Region in center with light winds and clear/partly cloudy skies

45
Q

Eyewall

A

ring of intense thunderstorms that whirl directly around eye

46
Q

Spiral Rain bands

A

Rings of tall clouds/heavy rain that exist throughout hurricane

47
Q

Storm Surge

A
  • powerful winds that create abnormal rise in sea level

- most devastating effect of effects of hurricanes

48
Q

Saffir Simpson Scale

A

-classify hurricanes [1-5] based on windspeed

49
Q

Hurrican Juan

A

-category 2, near halifax

50
Q

Hurricane Hazel

A
  • 81 killed with flash floods

- No other disaster has killed as many in Canada

51
Q

Minimizing Severe weather Hazards

A
  • weather satelites find clouds, which show: mid-latitude cyclones and hurricanes
  • RADAR detects intensity/type of precipitation
52
Q

Weather Watch

A

Condition favour development of hazardous weather but none reported

53
Q

Weather Warning

A

indicates the hazardous weather occuring in small area

54
Q

Weather Advisory

A

Alerts public of less hazardous conditions

Natural Disasters Earth Sc 2GG3 (6 decks)

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