Lecture 7 - Design of Displays & Controls Flashcards
refers to the activities of one or more people
directly or indirectly guiding a system or process to achieve predetermined goal(s) or perform according to certain
specification(s).
control
refers to a device which is used to control a system or process.
control
Types of controls
discrete
continuous
_____ controls use a limited number of conditions, for example, a light switch, which is either on or off.
Discrete
_____ controls use any value between the outer limits, for example, the gas control knob on a cooker hob can regulate the flow of gas anywhere between the minimum and maximum flows.
Continuous
A ______ is a device that presents information about objects, events or situations, to you through your eyes.
visual display
Types of Displays
Static
Dynamic
A types of displays that always provide the same information (such as labels, signs and etc.
Static
A types of displays that the information can change depending on the conditions (such as gauges, indicators, etc.)
Dynamic
Displays can also categorized based on their functions:
Status displays
Warning or Predictive
Instructional
they show the current status of a system
Status displays
they show information under unusual or urgent conditions
Warning or Predictive
they show or suggest actions or procedures.
Instructional
There are also displays that make use of your other senses:
Auditory
Tactile
where information is presented to you via your ears.
Auditory
where information is presented to you via
your sense of touch.
Tactile
Displays will generally be effective if they have:
- Good visibility
- Good comprehension
- Good compatibility
_______ can facilitate interaction or increase task difficulty & errors of workers.
machine/interface
What is the main purpose of controls?
to transmit information to an object
good at attracting attention when vision is not available.
auditory
Types of display
Dials
Indicators
Warning Devices
Counters
_____ have a graduated scale on which the indication of a value is shown by a pointer.
Dials
These displays have no graduated scale, but display text or numeric information, or show the state of a system.
Indicators
_____ call for your attention and will require you to take some action
Warning Devices
Type of Display that shows information directly as numbers.
Counters
A _____ display shows information directly but as distinct values.
Digital
Classification according to type of information displayed:
QUANTITATIVE DISPLAYS
QUALITATIVE DISPLAYS
REPRESENTATIONAL DISPLAYS
______ quantitative displays can also be used where a length or angle represents the information, for example, a thermometer where the length of mercury or alcohol represents the temperature.
Analogue
If you need a precise reading, then _____ indicators are most easily read.
digital
_______ displays give information about particular states, for example, hot or cold, alarm or no alarm.
Qualitative
These displays can provide information about rate of change or direction of deviation from a desired value.
Qualitative
These displays may include indicators and warning devices. They can be used in circumstances where you only need to know that a certain condition exists, for example, when the temperature is too hot or too cold, as in the case of an indicator light on an iron which goes out when the iron is up to temperature.
Qualitative
The specific value is not needed, although that may be conveyed to you by other, quantitative visual displays.
Qualitative
______ displays show exact information.
Quantitative
pictorial to reproduce object or signal
Representational Displays
These displays can portray either working models or simplified diagrams of a complex process, system, or machine.
Representational
They enable you to perceive the functioning of each part of the system or machine in correct relation to the whole system.
Representational Displays
symbolic for illustrative
Representational Displays
The main goal of _______ is to make interaction with the system as simple, effective and efficient as possible.
user-centered interface design
Its main purpose is that display/convey visual impression
Representational Displays
_____ is one way to design user-centered interfaces.
Natural mapping
It systematically considers the display-like properties of the function and control elements of the system.
Natural mapping
It can lead to designs that eliminate the need for additional displays or labels or instructions.
Natural mapping
association of one set to another set
Natural mapping
Natural association and relation between two sets
Natural mapping
According to Don Norman, this refers to design in which systems controls represents/corresponds to design outcome.
Natural mapping
when controls maps to the actions that will result the systems these are faster to learn and easy to remeber.
Natural mapping
The principles of display designs can be categorized in multiple groups:
◦ Sensory modality
◦ Location and layout
◦ Legibility of elements
◦ Content and Coding
How many principles are there in Sensory modality ?
2
How many principles are there in Location and layout?
6
How many principles are there in Legibility of elements ?
5
How many principles are there in Content and Coding?
26
displays are designed based on the stimulus mode (such as light, sound, temperature, etc.) considered for the application.
Sensory modality
the location and arrangement of displays are designed to improve information transmission process
Location and layout
the physical characteristics of displays (such as size, color, fonts and etc.) are designed to be legible under different conditions by target population.
Legibility of elements
the displays are designed to present the important and necessary information with the right coding method.
Content and Coding
a method to group related items in a display.
Color coding
pointer deviation is easily detected features because all displays are on the same scale and located close to each other.
Spatial Proximity
Arrangement of multiple ____ is another another important issue
size
People are likely assume that each sign corresponds to a _____ objects.
different
It is the most heavily emphasized criteria in display design.
Eligibility of Elements
It is the most basic issue addressed in legibility standards.
Size of a display/Display element
measure of the size of an object’s image on retina.
Visual arc
If wants to maximize legibility width-to-height ratio around _____ when alphanumeric characters arre printed in black on a white background.
1:5
Larger and bolder under for viewing conditions
Characters and symbols
For highly luminous characters ratio ____ to _____ for lab warning levels
1:12 to 1:20
characters and background contrast is atleast _____%
Usual printed are on ____%
For critical details, a contrast of ___% or more needed to assure legibility
50%
80%
88%
Research study shows that the legibility of many symbols is ____ affected by dirts and contaminants.
a. more
b. less
b. less
Symbols and alphanumeric characters should subtend a visual angle of at least ___ min of arc.
12
When legibility is a primary concern, both should subtend visual angle of at least ___ min of arc.
16-25
Characters should
be in sans serif fonts, with character width-to-height ratios
of ____ – _____.
0.6:1 to 1:1
it is to communicate and displays needs to be chosen to meet necessary conditions of communication.
Visual Display
Give information at the ____ time
right
Use of internationally accepted symbols to mark the variable being described by your display.
Pictorial Realism
What color is for hostile environment?
red
What color is for non-hostile environment?
green
Strong organizing tool
colors
____ is a good tool for conveying relationship between display elements
Color coding
No more than __ or __colors in the same display
5 or 6
Symbols should often be supplemented with ________ both to aid learning and improve understanding of people unfamiliar symbol.
supporting texts
Multiple lines on a single graph are preferred over _______ in point reading and trend comparing tasks
multiple single-line graphs
____ displays often used for warning purposes individual setting
Auditory
Good auditory warning level above background noise level
standard warning
at least ____dB
preferrably ___dB
10 dB
15 dB
When muscle contracts called
Agonist
When muscle relaxing
antagonist
specific order
finite sequence
this provides clear feedback
Mechanical stopping
