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Ergonomics 2 > Lecture 7 - Design of Displays & Controls > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - Design of Displays & Controls Flashcards

1
Q

refers to the activities of one or more people
directly or indirectly guiding a system or process to achieve predetermined goal(s) or perform according to certain
specification(s).

A

control

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2
Q

refers to a device which is used to control a system or process.

A

control

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3
Q

Types of controls

A

discrete

continuous

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4
Q

_____ controls use a limited number of conditions, for example, a light switch, which is either on or off.

A

Discrete

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5
Q

_____ controls use any value between the outer limits, for example, the gas control knob on a cooker hob can regulate the flow of gas anywhere between the minimum and maximum flows.

A

Continuous

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6
Q

A ______ is a device that presents information about objects, events or situations, to you through your eyes.

A

visual display

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7
Q

Types of Displays

A

Static

Dynamic

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8
Q

A types of displays that always provide the same information (such as labels, signs and etc.

A

Static

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9
Q

A types of displays that the information can change depending on the conditions (such as gauges, indicators, etc.)

A

Dynamic

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10
Q

Displays can also categorized based on their functions:

A

Status displays
Warning or Predictive
Instructional

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11
Q

they show the current status of a system

A

Status displays

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12
Q

they show information under unusual or urgent conditions

A

Warning or Predictive

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13
Q

they show or suggest actions or procedures.

A

Instructional

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14
Q

There are also displays that make use of your other senses:

A

Auditory

Tactile

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15
Q

where information is presented to you via your ears.

A

Auditory

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16
Q

where information is presented to you via

your sense of touch.

A

Tactile

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17
Q

Displays will generally be effective if they have:

A
  • Good visibility
  • Good comprehension
  • Good compatibility
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18
Q

_______ can facilitate interaction or increase task difficulty & errors of workers.

A

machine/interface

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19
Q

What is the main purpose of controls?

A

to transmit information to an object

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20
Q

good at attracting attention when vision is not available.

A

auditory

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21
Q

Types of display

A

Dials
Indicators
Warning Devices
Counters

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22
Q

_____ have a graduated scale on which the indication of a value is shown by a pointer.

A

Dials

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23
Q

These displays have no graduated scale, but display text or numeric information, or show the state of a system.

A

Indicators

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24
Q

_____ call for your attention and will require you to take some action

A

Warning Devices

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25
Q

Type of Display that shows information directly as numbers.

A

Counters

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26
Q

A _____ display shows information directly but as distinct values.

A

Digital

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27
Q

Classification according to type of information displayed:

A

QUANTITATIVE DISPLAYS
QUALITATIVE DISPLAYS
REPRESENTATIONAL DISPLAYS

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28
Q

______ quantitative displays can also be used where a length or angle represents the information, for example, a thermometer where the length of mercury or alcohol represents the temperature.

A

Analogue

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29
Q

If you need a precise reading, then _____ indicators are most easily read.

A

digital

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30
Q

_______ displays give information about particular states, for example, hot or cold, alarm or no alarm.

A

Qualitative

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31
Q

These displays can provide information about rate of change or direction of deviation from a desired value.

A

Qualitative

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32
Q

These displays may include indicators and warning devices. They can be used in circumstances where you only need to know that a certain condition exists, for example, when the temperature is too hot or too cold, as in the case of an indicator light on an iron which goes out when the iron is up to temperature.

A

Qualitative

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33
Q

The specific value is not needed, although that may be conveyed to you by other, quantitative visual displays.

A

Qualitative

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34
Q

______ displays show exact information.

A

Quantitative

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35
Q

pictorial to reproduce object or signal

A

Representational Displays

36
Q

These displays can portray either working models or simplified diagrams of a complex process, system, or machine.

A

Representational

37
Q

They enable you to perceive the functioning of each part of the system or machine in correct relation to the whole system.

A

Representational Displays

38
Q

symbolic for illustrative

A

Representational Displays

39
Q

The main goal of _______ is to make interaction with the system as simple, effective and efficient as possible.

A

user-centered interface design

40
Q

Its main purpose is that display/convey visual impression

A

Representational Displays

41
Q

_____ is one way to design user-centered interfaces.

A

Natural mapping

42
Q

It systematically considers the display-like properties of the function and control elements of the system.

A

Natural mapping

43
Q

It can lead to designs that eliminate the need for additional displays or labels or instructions.

A

Natural mapping

44
Q

association of one set to another set

A

Natural mapping

45
Q

Natural association and relation between two sets

A

Natural mapping

46
Q

According to Don Norman, this refers to design in which systems controls represents/corresponds to design outcome.

A

Natural mapping

47
Q

when controls maps to the actions that will result the systems these are faster to learn and easy to remeber.

A

Natural mapping

48
Q

The principles of display designs can be categorized in multiple groups:

A

◦ Sensory modality
◦ Location and layout
◦ Legibility of elements
◦ Content and Coding

49
Q

How many principles are there in Sensory modality ?

A

2

50
Q

How many principles are there in Location and layout?

A

6

51
Q

How many principles are there in Legibility of elements ?

A

5

52
Q

How many principles are there in Content and Coding?

A

26

53
Q

displays are designed based on the stimulus mode (such as light, sound, temperature, etc.) considered for the application.

A

Sensory modality

54
Q

the location and arrangement of displays are designed to improve information transmission process

A

Location and layout

55
Q

the physical characteristics of displays (such as size, color, fonts and etc.) are designed to be legible under different conditions by target population.

A

Legibility of elements

56
Q

the displays are designed to present the important and necessary information with the right coding method.

A

Content and Coding

57
Q

a method to group related items in a display.

A

Color coding

58
Q

pointer deviation is easily detected features because all displays are on the same scale and located close to each other.

A

Spatial Proximity

59
Q

Arrangement of multiple ____ is another another important issue

A

size

60
Q

People are likely assume that each sign corresponds to a _____ objects.

A

different

61
Q

It is the most heavily emphasized criteria in display design.

A

Eligibility of Elements

62
Q

It is the most basic issue addressed in legibility standards.

A

Size of a display/Display element

63
Q

measure of the size of an object’s image on retina.

A

Visual arc

64
Q

If wants to maximize legibility width-to-height ratio around _____ when alphanumeric characters arre printed in black on a white background.

A

1:5

65
Q

Larger and bolder under for viewing conditions

A

Characters and symbols

66
Q

For highly luminous characters ratio ____ to _____ for lab warning levels

A

1:12 to 1:20

67
Q

characters and background contrast is atleast _____%

Usual printed are on ____%

For critical details, a contrast of ___% or more needed to assure legibility

A

50%

80%

88%

68
Q

Research study shows that the legibility of many symbols is ____ affected by dirts and contaminants.

a. more
b. less

A

b. less

69
Q

Symbols and alphanumeric characters should subtend a visual angle of at least ___ min of arc.

A

12

70
Q

When legibility is a primary concern, both should subtend visual angle of at least ___ min of arc.

A

16-25

71
Q

Characters should
be in sans serif fonts, with character width-to-height ratios
of ____ – _____.

A

0.6:1 to 1:1

72
Q

it is to communicate and displays needs to be chosen to meet necessary conditions of communication.

A

Visual Display

73
Q

Give information at the ____ time

A

right

74
Q

Use of internationally accepted symbols to mark the variable being described by your display.

A

Pictorial Realism

75
Q

What color is for hostile environment?

A

red

76
Q

What color is for non-hostile environment?

A

green

77
Q

Strong organizing tool

A

colors

78
Q

____ is a good tool for conveying relationship between display elements

A

Color coding

79
Q

No more than __ or __colors in the same display

A

5 or 6

80
Q

Symbols should often be supplemented with ________ both to aid learning and improve understanding of people unfamiliar symbol.

A

supporting texts

81
Q

Multiple lines on a single graph are preferred over _______ in point reading and trend comparing tasks

A

multiple single-line graphs

82
Q

____ displays often used for warning purposes individual setting

A

Auditory

83
Q

Good auditory warning level above background noise level

standard warning
at least ____dB
preferrably ___dB

A

10 dB

15 dB

84
Q

When muscle contracts called

A

Agonist

85
Q

When muscle relaxing

A

antagonist

86
Q

specific order

A

finite sequence

87
Q

this provides clear feedback

A

Mechanical stopping

Ergonomics 2 (6 decks)

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