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Ergonomics 2 > Lecture 4 - Human Error > Flashcards

Lecture 4 - Human Error Flashcards

1
Q

Unintentional deviation of failure

A

Error

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2
Q

Intentional failures

A

Violation

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3
Q

Failure of a planned action to be completed as intended

A

Error

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4
Q

– Occur at the level of the frontline operator

– Effects are felt almost immediately.

A

Active failures

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5
Q

– Tend to be removed from the direct operator control

A

Latent conditions

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6
Q

2 Approach WHY DO ERRORS HAPPEN ?

A

Person approach

System approach

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7
Q

Blame the individual for forgetfulness, inattention, weakness

A

Person approach

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8
Q

Multiple faults that occur together in an unanticipated interaction create chain of events in which faults grow and evolve.

A

System approach

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9
Q

It is a portion of a task is skipped

A

Omission

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10
Q

Task is performed incorrectly

A

Commission

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11
Q

Task that should not have been performed, as it diverts attention from the system

A

Extraneous act

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12
Q

Task is performed out of sequence

A

Sequential act

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13
Q

Task performed too early, too late, or outside of time allowed

A

Time error

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14
Q

What are the 3 stages of cognitive processing for tasks?

A

1) Planning
2) Storage
3) Execution

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15
Q

Under 3 stages of Cognitive Processing for Tasks where a goal is identified and a sequence of actions is selected to reach the goal

A

Planning

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16
Q

Under 3 stages of Cognitive Processing for Tasks where the selected plan is stored in memory until it is appropriate to carry it out

A

Storage

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17
Q

Under 3 stages of Cognitive Processing for Tasks where the plan is implemented by the process of carrying out the actions specified by the plan

A

Execution

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18
Q

What are the 3 Form of Error?

A
  1. Slips: execution stage
  2. Lapses:: storage stage
  3. Mistakes: planning stage
19
Q

incorrect execution of a planned action

example: miss keyed command

A

Slips

20
Q

» incorrect omission of a stored, planned action
» examples: skipping a step on a checklist, forgetting to
restore normal valve settings after maintenance

A

lapses

21
Q

» the plan is not suitable for achieving the desired goal

A

mistakes

22
Q

TRUE or FALSE.

Slips and lapses occur when the task is very unfamiliar and requires little thought.

A

FALSE

23
Q

TRUE or FALSE.

Slips and lapses occur when people confuse two similar tasks

A

TRUE

24
Q

TRUE or FALSE.

Slips and lapses occur when the main part is missed but the finer details are done

A

FALSE

25
Q

TRUE or FALSE.

Slips and lapses occur when tasks are too complicated and long-winded

A

TRUE

26
Q

TRUE or FALSE.

Slips and lapses occur when there are distractions and interruptions.

A

TRUE

27
Q

TRUE or FALSE.

Mistakes occur when doing few things at the same time.

A

FALSE

28
Q

TRUE or FALSE.

Mistakes occur when doing too many complex tasks at once.

A

TRUE

29
Q

TRUE or FALSE.

Mistakes occur when time pressures.

A

TRUE

30
Q

What does GEMS mean?

A

Generic Error-Modeling System

31
Q

an attempt to understand the origins of human error

A

Generic Error-Modeling System

32
Q

What are the 3 levels of cognitive task processing identified by GEMS?

A
  1. Skill-based
  2. Rule-based
  3. Knowledge-based
33
Q

Levels of cognitive task processing that is familiar, automatic procedural tasks.

A

Skill-based

34
Q

Levels of cognitive task processing that the tasks approached by pattern-matching from a set of internal problem-solving rules

A

Rule-based

35
Q

Levels of cognitive task processing that the tasks approached by reasoning from first principles

A

Knowledge-based

36
Q

Errors that we experience, without intending to, you do the wrong thing.

A

Slip

37
Q

Errors that we experience, without intending to, you fail to do what we meant to do.

A

Lapses

38
Q

Errors that we experience, without intending to, you mishandle or blunder an action or word.

A

Fumble

39
Q

In addressing human error,
general approach:

error-avoidance rather than error-tolerance
or
error-tolerance rather than error-avoidance?

A

error-tolerance rather than error-avoidance

40
Q

TRUE or FALSE.

Automation is the cure for human error

A

FALSE

41
Q

It is the ability to withstand.

A

Robustness

42
Q

What does S.T.A.R means when self-checking?

A

Stop
Think
Act
Review

43
Q

Best way to address human error is

tolerance
or
avoidance?

A

Tolerance

44
Q

“to err is _____”

A

Human

Ergonomics 2 (6 decks)

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