Lecture 7

Question 1

Enlightenment

Answer 1

When philosophers started applying natural science to society and culture to improve life

Question 2

Hume

Answer 2

A philosopher in the Enlightenment period who argued that just because something IS a certain way doesn’t mean it OUGHT TO BE that way

Question 3

Voltaire

Answer 3

Used literature and essays to try to influence people to improve the world, one of the most famous Enlightenment figures

Question 4

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 4

One of the oldest and most influential of the founding fathers, started as an entrepreneur and worked the main part of his life as a printer, publisher, and writer; his books and papers made him incredibly wealthy.

Question 5

Deborah Read

Answer 5

Franklin’s partner but unable to marry because her husband disappeared

Question 6

Francis Franklin

Answer 6

Benjamin Franklin’s son who died of smallpox at age 4

Question 7

Sarah “Sally” Franklin

Answer 7

Benjamin Franklin’s daughter who was loyal to her father’s causes throughout his life

Question 8

William Franklin

Answer 8

Benjamin Franklin’s illegitimate son from an unknown relationship who grew up to be the governor of New Jersey and remained a staunch loyalist during the Revolution

Question 9

The Lightning Experiment

Answer 9

Franklin tied a key to a silk kite and recorded that electricity streamed out of the key when the kite was struck by lightning, very famous experiment

Question 10

Franklin’s Inventions

Answer 10

Franklin invented many things to improve life such as the wood stove, bifocals and the armonica

Question 11

Franklin’s Civil Services

Answer 11

Franklin also organized fire companies to protect Philadelphia, promoted insurance and libraries, and participated in dozens of other civil service projects

Question 12

Poor Richard’s Almanac

Answer 12

Franklin’s most profitable item he produced, filled with his aphorisms and sage advice

Question 13

Unified by religion

Answer 13

Colonies were all British but saw each other as competitors rather than allies. Religion unified them because most were Christians with similar world views

Question 14

Enlightenment vs Religion

Answer 14

During the Enlightenment religion became less popular as people favored personal wealth and happiness and reason

Question 15

Great Awakening

Answer 15

a religious revival that swept through the colonies during the years of the Enlightenment

Question 16

Johnathan Edwards

Answer 16

A follower of Colton Mathers, who wrote the famous fire and brimstone jeremiad sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God and several additional highly respected theological tracts

Question 17

Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

Answer 17

argued that God’s will is arbitrary and His hand unrestrained from casting wicked men into Hell anytime He wants to

Question 18

George Whitefield

Answer 18

English preacher, came to America to start an orphanage in Georgia, came back multiple times to preach

Question 19

Whitedield’s Sermons

Answer 19

Whitefield could project and was passionate in his preachings, even used theater techniques to improve his sermons

Question 20

New Lights

Answer 20

People who followed the Great Awakening and created some new colleges like Princeton, Rutgers, and Brown in New Jersey

Question 21

Unifying Elements

Answer 21

Religion, trade, agriculture, British culture, common enemies,

Question 22

Common Enemies

Answer 22

Britain had the most powerful armies and navy against France and Spain, colonist felt protected