Lecture 7 Flashcards
Sources of innovation
- Innovation comes from knowledge exchange across boundaries
- Encouraging people to think and communicate across different communities, not necessarily deeper • Looking at the boundaries of existing industries
- Looking to new sources of innovation outside of the organization (lead users)
Characteristics of wise crowds
- Diversity of opinion 2. Independence
- Decentralization
- Aggregation
What is crowdsourcing
The at of a company or institution taking a function once performed by employees and outsourcing it to an undefined network of people in the form of an open call
5 functions of crowdsourcing
- A clearly identified organization (or individual) proposes
- Though an open call • The voluntary undertaking of a task with a clear goal
- To a group of individuals of varying knowledge heterogeneity, and number
- That will have clear benefits for both crowd and crowdsourcer.
Why does the crowd participate
- To earn money
- To develop one’s creative skills
- To challenge oneself to solve a problem
- To contribute to a large project of common interest
- To network with other creative professionals
- To build a portfolio for future employment
- To pass the time when bored
- To share with others • To socialize or to have fun
What are the four types of crowdsourcing
- Knowledge discovery and management
- Distributed human intelligence tasking
- Peer-vetted creative production
- Broadcast search
KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY AND MANAGEMENT
• Organization asks the crowd to collect / report information • Organization determines what information to collect, for what purpose, and how to put it together. • The more users there are, the better the system functions. • Monetary rewards are not always necessary
DISTRIBUTED HUMAN INTELLIGENCE TASKING
• Organization asks the crowd to process existing information (i.e. classify, analyse or modify information) • Information is known and available • Type of information cannot be processed by computers (e.g. transcribing old texts, tagging a picture) • Monetary compensation is common for simple tasks (e.g. Amazon Mechanical Turk)
CREATIVE PRODUCTION
• Organization asks the crowd for their ideas • Organization asks the crowd to select/vote for ideas • Solutions are a matter of taste or opinion • Oriented towards finding the most popular/preferred solution • Monetary rewards are common • Rewards are given to the most popular/preferred solution
BROADCAST SEARCH
• Organization asks the crowd to solve an empirical problem • The answer to a problem exists but is not known by the organization • Oriented towards finding a single specialist (needle in the haystack) • Monetary rewards are common • Rewards are given to the best solution
USER INNOVATION COMMUNITIES
Engage users as an organizational resource - Great source of innovation - Know your products/services best in the context of use - Competitive advantage through leveraging external resources - Leaky organizational boundaries - Redefinition of acceptable sources of value and knowledge
Key challenges at DELL innovation community
Understading the ideas posted
- absorptive capacity
- explicit communicaiton for tacit knowledge
Identify the best ideas
- What makes an idea the best?
- can you actually implement the idea
Transparency with teh communicty versus competition
sustaining the community
Online communities
Online community: a collective of large numbers of geographically dispersed individuals in support of an activity, interest or identity, enabled by the ICT.
key features for organizing online communities:
- Novel forms of organizing for innovation and knowledge creation
- Interest from and participation by organizations of all types, including firms, nonprofits, governments, etc.
- Break organizational boundaries, surpass barriers for knowledge flows in traditional organizations
- Uses passion, sociality and intrinsic motivation as a driver
Commons-based peer production:
• Notion of openness • Use of internet as a collaboration platform • Bottom-up (in contrast to crowdsourcing) • Self-organized