Lecture 7 Flashcards
What does the international organisation for standardisation (ISO) series allow?
standardisation worldwide, accepted over about 100 of the worlds industrial nations
Delver of quality increases the chance of
- retaining existing customers
2- winning back lost customers - win new customers
6 quality management concepts
- Quality policy
- Q objectives
- Q assurance
- Q control
- Q audit
- Q program plan
What is quality assurance?
a quality system put in place as a way of preventing mistakes/defects in manufactured products and avoiding problems when delivering services/solutions to customers
What is quality control?
Process which entitles review of the quality of all factors involved in production: Controls, Competence, Soft elements
What is quality audit?
Examination of a quality system
The four costs linked with quality are:
- Prevention Costs
- Appraisal costs
- Internal failure costs
- External failure costs
What are Prevention Costs?
Up front costs aimed to give satisfaction to customers.
What types of things do prevention costs include? (5)
Design review, training, quality planning, survey of vendor and related preventive activities
What are Appraisal Costs?
Costs related to the inspection of products
What types of things do appraisal costs include? (5)
Environmental Impact Assessment, Lab test, vendor control, in-process testing, internal-external design
What types of things do internal failure costs include? (7)
Scrap, rework, repair, downtime, defect evaluation, unacceptable environmental impact and corresponding corrective actions
What types of things do external failure costs include? (4)
returns, complaints, inspection by customer, and action to resolve and correct these items
Why is important to take a statistical approach to quality control?
To remove decision making from the subjective (personal taste)
The initial stage in quality control is identification which includes (2):
1- Data tables : to provide a systematic method for collecting and displaying data
2- Pareto analysis: a special type of histogram to help identify and prioritise problem areas
What five analysis tools can be applied to view trends and achieve improvements?
1- Cause and effect analysis 2-Trend analysis (best fit) 3-Control charts (focus on prevention) 4-Scatter diagram 5-Histograms
Describe cause and effect analysis
using diagrams to identify the relationship between cause and effect
What does process capability measure?
The ability to produce a product that conforms to design specification. It is expressed as a mean value plus/minus 3 standard deviations.
what is acceptance sampling?
Statistically identifying optimum frequency of sampling to evaluate process/production
what is the purpose of Operating Characteristic (OC) Curves?
- to discriminate between products which are below/meeting quality standards
- to compare sampling plans based upon sampling sizes and acceptance numbers
sampling parameters usually entail AQL an LTPD what are these?
- Acceptance quality level - the worst possible mean level which is accepted
- Lot tolerance percent defective level - found at the bottom left axis at 10%, meaning the lower quality is accepted at most 10% of the time
Total quality management is key to a companies continued growth and competitive ability what are the two strategies?
Primary - based on improvement within the companies own structure
Secondary- focused on operations and profitability where customer relations is key
