Lecture 7 Flashcards
narcissism
refers to excessive self-love, or, as psychodynamic thinkers sey, a withdrawal from object love and a reinvesment in pathological self-love
patients with narcissistic PD
exhibit grandiosity, a sense of uniqueness, and an expectation of special treatment. fantasize about unlimited success, power, beauty, or ideal love and demant constant attention and admiration. have little empathy for others
central to narcissism
dynamic between grandiose behavior and the fragility of self-esteem
narcissitic paradox
these individuals have inflated self-esteem, yet depend on admiration from others. narcissism can cause both positive and negative adjustments
criteria established by Ronningstam and Gunderson
- sense of superiority
- exaggeration of talents
- boastful and pretentious behavior
- grandiose fantasies
- egocentric behavior
- need for attention and admiration
- arrogant behavior
- high performance
self-objects (Kohut’s)
are representations that feed a sense of personal power and confidence. when these intrapsychic supports ail to develop sufficiently, a weak self structure emerges with a compromised capacity for affect regulation
neurotic spectrum
Kohut places the narcissistic personality within the neurotic spectrum of psychopathy, implying important differences from borderline PD
Kernberg
places the narcissistic personality at the borderline level of organization. according to him, the structural damage in the narcissistic patients is rooted in growing up in an emotionally inadequate environment
Milon
proposed a social learning account of narcissistic PD, arguing that parental overvaluation rather than devaluation is the basis for narcissistic PD
Morf and Rhodewalt
introduced a dynamic self-regulatory processing model of narcissism. the basic argument is that narcissist have a lot of explicit but little implicit self-esteem
implicit self-esteem
requires no effort and responds more quickly to critical situations. associated with strong affective reactions such as shame and public fear
explicit self-esteem
requires effort. maintained by self-regulatory and interpersonal strategies, including expressions of anger and hostility
Young et al.
condifered the lonely child, the self-glorifier, and the detached protector as the main modes in narcissistic PD
developmental perspective
there is limited evidence that genetic factors explain 40% of the variance in narcissistic PD. 2 major risk factors are cold; over-controlling parents may promote vulnerable narcissism, while permissiveness may be a risk factor for grandiose narcissism
vulnerable narcissist
does not exhibit the typical haughty and arrogant characteristics but covertly has a similar sense of entitlement and grandiose expectations. they are prone to feelings of shame and ideaquacy
grandiose, exhibitionist, or ‘oblivious’ narcissist
manages self-worth by openly exalting themselves and aggressively defending their justifies expectations
suicide and NPD
narcissistic vulnerability is linked to acute suicidal ideation, while narcissistic grandiosity shows a much weaker relation with suicidal thoughts
narcissistic personality inventory (NPI)
widely used self-report measure of narcissism. it measures 4 sub-scales: leadership/autonomy, superiority/arrogance, self-absorption/self-glorification and entitlement/exploitation
diagnostic interview for narcissism
counterpart of NPI
Blais
examined the relationship between the Five Factor Model (FFM) domains of personality and DSM-IV PDs, based on clinician assessments of 100 PD patient
- NPD was positively correlated with extraversion and negatively correlated with agreeableness
histrionic personality disorder
characterized by irritability, emotional instability, overreactivity, and self-dramatization, which is always aimed at attracting attention and is often seductive, whether the patient is aware of it or not. these personalities are immature, self-centered, vain and dependent.
DSM-5 HPD
people with histrionic PS strive to be the center of attention and exhibit seductive, flirtatious or sexually provocative behavior, make theatrical emotional displays, are emotionally superficial and show little consideration for others’ feelings. although they may have admirers because of their extroverted nature, they often have difficulty maintaining deep, mutually satisfying relationships. there is evidence that histrionic PD is more common in women, which may be related to sex-related differences in underlying psychopathology.
MMPI scores
patients with histrionic PD showed a significant increase on clinical scale 9 (mania) and a lower score on scale 0 (social inroversion) compared with patients with other PDs
interviewed based on Five Factor Model
histrionic PD was characterized by lower level of alturism and increased scores on commonality, feelings, warmth, and tenderness. this indicates an emotionally expressive, extroverted person who is also self-centered and superficially involved in relationships
