Lecture 7 Flashcards
3 principal characteristics of genetic material
Stable Enough to store information
Must Replicate Accurately
Variable/Capable of change
Simple definition of transmission genetics
molecular
What structures are the carriers of heredity
Chromosomes
Griffith Transformation Experiment
Transformation: DNA taken up by a cell
Experiment: giving mice the virulent form of bacterial pnemonia through the combination of dead virulent cells and living non-virulent cells. Showed that there IS a transforming principle
Avery Transformation Experiment
Transformed bacteria in glassware instead of mouse, but proved that genetic material transformed cells. IMPORTANTLY showed the DNA was the transforming principle
Hershey-Chase Experiment
Used radioactive markers to support that DNA was genetic material
Basic DNA structure
a polymer composed of monomers called nucleotides
Explain the bonding structure of DNA (what connects to the 5 and 3 Carbons)
Covalent bonds between phosphate group on 5’ carbon of 1 nucleotide to 3’ hydroxyl on the other nucleotide to form backbone
if a chain is 3’ ATCGATT 5’ what would be the pair strand?
5’TAGCTAA3’
If a DNA strand has 30% Adenine and 20% Guanine, What percentage of Thymine and Cystosine are there?
30% Thymine and 20% Cystosine (A=T and C=G and A+T+C+G = 100%)
Difference between Prokaryote and Eukaryote Chromosomes?
Pro: single circular chromosome in looped domains, Eue: several linear
Chromatin
DNA Molecule with a Histone, packaged in nucleosomes (directly from slide)
Euchromatin
makes most of the genome, is genetically active (directly from slide)
Heterochromatin
More Condensed
C-Value
Total amount of DNA in an organisms haploid genome (There is NO correlation between complexity and c-value)
