Lecture 7

Question 1

Lifestyle choices in preventing CVD

Answer 1

Smoking, drinking, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, HBP, obesity

Question 2

Ischemic stroke

Answer 2

obstruction that blocks blood flow to the brain

Question 3

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 3

weakened vessel wall ruptures causing brain bleeding

Question 4

Diabetes complications

Answer 4

brain stroke, cerebrovascular disease, periodontal disease, diabetic neuropathy

Question 5

Leading cause of death worldwide

Answer 5

cvd

Question 6

What is the function of the cardiovascular system

Answer 6

to transport nutrients, oxygens, hormones & enzymes, regulates temperature, water and acidity levels

Question 7

Who has a faster heart beat, me or women

Answer 7

women

Question 8

atherosclerosis

Answer 8

narrowing and hardening of the arteries, occurs when plaque is formed in arteries

Question 9

Coronary heart disease

Answer 9

plaque that causes a blockage in one or more arteries, decreases blood flow/O2

causes ischemia

Question 10

collateral circulation

Answer 10

condition that damaged heart muscles may heal itself

Question 11

heart attack symptoms

Answer 11

chest discomfort or stomach, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, light-headedness

Question 12

stroke

Answer 12

cerebrovascular accident, interruption of blood supply to the Brian

Question 13

4 classifications/causes of stroke

Answer 13

Thrombus : obstruction

Embolus: build up

Aneurysm: waiting to burst

Hemorrhage: ruptured vessel wall

Question 14

Signs of stroke

Answer 14

Face
Arms
Speech
Time

Question 15

Hypertension

Answer 15

chronic high blood pressure, risk for CVD & stroke

Question 16

Essential hypertension vs. secondary hypertension

Answer 16

essential: no cause
secondary: cause from underlying issue

Question 17

arrhythmia

Answer 17

irregular heart beat

Question 18

bradycardia

Answer 18

slow heart beat

Question 19

congestive heart failure

Answer 19

weakened heart muscles e.g., cancer: radiation or chemotherapy

Question 20

congenital heart disease

Answer 20

disease of heart present at birth (alcohol consumption during pregnancy)

Question 21

rheumatic heart disease

Answer 21

from bacterial infection

Question 22

ECG

Answer 22

measures heart activity

Question 23

Angioplasty surgery

Answer 23

catheter is inserted into artery to restore blood flow

Question 24

Coronary bypass surgery

Answer 24

healthy blood vessel from another part of the body used to create a new pathway

Question 25

What is the endothelium

Answer 25

layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

Question 26

what damages the endothelium

Answer 26

high/fluctuating blood pressure
high LDL
triglycerides
glucose
nicotine

Question 27

Type 1 vs Type 2 diabetes

Answer 27

Type 1: autoimmune disorder

Type 2: caused by external factors

Question 28

Hyperglycaemia

Answer 28

high blood glucose level, damages blood vessels and nerves

Question 29

Angioplasty vs. coronary bypass

Answer 29

Angioplasty: minimally invasive

Coronary bypass: invasive

Question 30

Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Answer 30

aneurysm

Question 31

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Answer 31

abnormal blood vessel growth

Question 32

Leptin & Peptide YY

Answer 32

“full-feeling” hormone

Question 33

Leptin in obese people

Answer 33

cells become leptin resistant

Question 34

Gestational diabetes

Answer 34

developed during pregnancy