Lecture 7 Flashcards
Lifestyle choices in preventing CVD
Smoking, drinking, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, HBP, obesity
Ischemic stroke
obstruction that blocks blood flow to the brain
Hemorrhagic stroke
weakened vessel wall ruptures causing brain bleeding
Diabetes complications
brain stroke, cerebrovascular disease, periodontal disease, diabetic neuropathy
Leading cause of death worldwide
cvd
What is the function of the cardiovascular system
to transport nutrients, oxygens, hormones & enzymes, regulates temperature, water and acidity levels
Who has a faster heart beat, me or women
women
atherosclerosis
narrowing and hardening of the arteries, occurs when plaque is formed in arteries
Coronary heart disease
plaque that causes a blockage in one or more arteries, decreases blood flow/O2
causes ischemia
collateral circulation
condition that damaged heart muscles may heal itself
heart attack symptoms
chest discomfort or stomach, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, light-headedness
stroke
cerebrovascular accident, interruption of blood supply to the Brian
4 classifications/causes of stroke
Thrombus : obstruction
Embolus: build up
Aneurysm: waiting to burst
Hemorrhage: ruptured vessel wall
Signs of stroke
Face
Arms
Speech
Time
Hypertension
chronic high blood pressure, risk for CVD & stroke
Essential hypertension vs. secondary hypertension
essential: no cause
secondary: cause from underlying issue
arrhythmia
irregular heart beat
bradycardia
slow heart beat
congestive heart failure
weakened heart muscles e.g., cancer: radiation or chemotherapy
congenital heart disease
disease of heart present at birth (alcohol consumption during pregnancy)
rheumatic heart disease
from bacterial infection
ECG
measures heart activity
Angioplasty surgery
catheter is inserted into artery to restore blood flow
Coronary bypass surgery
healthy blood vessel from another part of the body used to create a new pathway
What is the endothelium
layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
what damages the endothelium
high/fluctuating blood pressure
high LDL
triglycerides
glucose
nicotine
Type 1 vs Type 2 diabetes
Type 1: autoimmune disorder
Type 2: caused by external factors
Hyperglycaemia
high blood glucose level, damages blood vessels and nerves
Angioplasty vs. coronary bypass
Angioplasty: minimally invasive
Coronary bypass: invasive
Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy
aneurysm
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
abnormal blood vessel growth
Leptin & Peptide YY
“full-feeling” hormone
Leptin in obese people
cells become leptin resistant
Gestational diabetes
developed during pregnancy
