Lecture 7 Flashcards
What are some founders affecting a child’s IQ besides lead?
- nutrition
- educational resources
- SES
- home situations (divorce, abuse, sleep, etc.)
- alcohol abuse
- prenatal care
Describe the history of lead.
- lead used metal works for centuries because it’s cheaper and easier to work with than other metals
- 1900 public health official recognized lead pipes as dangerous to a child’s health
What are some disorders associated with lead exposure?
Why was lead in petroleum products?
Why was lead added to gasoline?
anti-knocking: a gas additive used to slow down combustion chain reactions in cars which increase’s the fuels octane rating and made the engine not knock(make noise) when started
Explain the environmental health paradigm.
What are some sources of lead?
(old)paint, (old)gasoline, pipes, pottery, dirt, air
How do we remove lead from water? (pipes)
- Chlorine is added in the preparation of drinking water to minimize micro-organism contamination
- Cl is acidic so the acidity leaches lead from pipes
- amount of Cl needed varies depending on the amount of contamination
- pyrophosphate and sodium hydroxide also added to neutrilize water
What are some effects of climate change on drinking water?
Warmer weather promotes bacteria growth
What populations are vulnerable to lead exposure?
- inner city: both low SES and urbanites
- children
What are the scientific reasons children are more vulnerable to adverse effects from lead exposure?
- children are constantly growing and still developing
- heart rate and breathing rate is faster than adults
- body surface area to mass ratio is larger than adults
Describe the bioavailability of lead.
This minimizes blood lead. We have a very good idea of the relationship between lead and bioavailability
Describe the intestine route of exposure.
- diets poor in calcium and/or iron associated with higher blood lead
How does lead exposure at a young age affect one at a higher age
As you get older you lose bone, so that lead is re-exposed to your system into your blood
What are risk factors of lead exposure identified from toxicokinetics?
where you live
what you eat
age
SES
behavior
What are some behavioral effects of lead?
Describe the history of lead in the US
Why is lead still a public health problem?
lead persists in the environment
disproportionate exposure for Inner City children/low SES
lack of threshold for neurological deficits
current clinical methods of treatment for learning deficits are not effective
vaping can expose you to aerosolized metals including lead
baby food (all has some amount of a toxic metal)
What is a pesticide?
A class of chemicals that will decrease the
price of food and clothing. The same class
of chemicals will lower the risk of infectious
diseases and asthma attacks.
EX: insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, insect repellants, weed killers, antimicrobials, and swimming pool chemicals, which are designed to prevent, destroy, repel, or reduce pests of any sort
What’s the benefits of using pesticides?
food is cheaper
higher profits for the agricultural industry
less land used
few workers are needed
Describe the environmental health paradigm of DDT and birds.
What are the off-target effects of DDT and birds.
sects which prevents calcium fortification of bird shells, unrelated to sodium channels (toxicodynamics), is also an endocrine disruptor
and, thins egg shells which cracked when large birds covered them before hatching (adverse health effect)
then, policy: removed from market
What is pesticide resistance?
Misuse and overuse of pesticides have
contributed to pesticide resistance. Pesticide
resistance develops when potentially harmful
pests (insects, weeds, rodents etc.) change in
a way that reduces or eliminates the
effectiveness of pesticides.
How does climate change affect the use of pesticides?
As the water evaporates, the concentration of bad chemicals increases
