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Genetics Unit 1 > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Mendel’s Experiment

A
  • used 7 visible features, each with 2 contrasting forms or traits
  • true breeding strains
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2
Q

Medel discovered transmission genetics

A

how genes are transmitted from parents to offspring

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3
Q

Monohybrid cross

A
  • true breeding
  • involve a single pair of contrasting traits
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4
Q

P1 generation

A

Original parents

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5
Q

F1 generation

A
  • offspring, first filial generation
  • all plants have just one of 2 contrasting traits
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6
Q

F2 generation

A
  • offspring of F1 generation crossed (self-fertilizing), second filial generation
  • 3/4 of plants exhibit same traits as F1 generation
  • 1.4 exhibit contrasting trait that disappeared in the F1 generation
  • 3:1
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7
Q

Reciprocal crosses

A
  • not sex dependent
  • F1 and F2 patterns of inheritance similar regardless of P1 source
  • crosses made in both directions
  • ex) dwarf plant pollinates tall plant, tall plant pollinates dwarf plant and the results for F1 and F2 are the same
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8
Q

Genes are…

A

particulate unit factors
- basic units of heredity
- are passed unchanged from generation to generation
- determine various traits expressed by each individual plant

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9
Q

Mendel’s 3 postulates

A

1) unit factors (genes) exist in pairs)
- genetic characters controlled by unit factors
2) dominance/recessiveness
- in a pair of unit factors, one unit is dominant, the other recessive
3) segregation
- paired unit factors segregate independently during gamete formation

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10
Q

testcross

A

determines if individual displaying dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous for that trait
- cross between dominant phenotype and homozygous recessive

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11
Q

dihybrid cross

A
  • 2 pairs of contrasting traits
  • generates unique F2 generation
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12
Q

independent assortment

A
  • unit factors (traits) ssort independently during gamete formation
  • all possible gamete combinations form with equal frequency
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13
Q

product law

A
  • used to predict frequency of 2 independent events occurring simultaneously
    ex) F2 plant have yellow and round seeds
    3/4 x 3/4 = 9/16
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14
Q

dihybrid ratio

A

9:3:3:1

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15
Q

trihybrid cross

A
  • segregation and independent assortment applied to 3 pairs of constraining traits
  • punnett square with 64 boxes
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Genetics Unit 1 (9 decks)

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