Lecture 6.7: Cardiac response to valvular disease

Question 1

In moderate and severe heart failure, what are the decreases in EF?

Answer 1

40% and 30% respectively.

Question 2

True or false? LVH failure does not regress even if we fix the valve (assuming failure is due to valve incompetence).

Answer 2

False. Fixing the valves work.

Question 3

True or false? LVH failure does not regress even if we fix the valve (assuming failure is due to valve incompetence).

Answer 3

False. Fixing the valves work.

Question 4

In aortic stenosis, pressure of which of the following (may be more than one) increases? Left ventricle, aorta, atrium.

Answer 4

Left ventricle.

Question 5

Mitral stenosis can lead to what problems?

Answer 5

Atrial fibrillation, thrombus/embolism.

Question 6

Mitral stenosis can lead to what problems?

Answer 6

Atrial fibrillation, thrombus/embolism.

Question 7

What sound is given in a systolic murmur?

Answer 7

Crescendo-decrescendo.

Question 8

In aortic regurgitation, pressure which of the following (may be more than one) increases? Left ventricle, aorta, atrium.

Answer 8

Left ventricle and aorta.

Left ventricle has to pump a larger stroke volume each beat, and EF is also higher. Also results in increased EDV. But there is a normal end systolic volume.

Eventual decompensation results in increased LVEDV.

Question 9

In mitral regurgitation, what are the volume changes in terms of EF, ESV, EDV.

Answer 9

Increased ejection fraction, EDV, normal end systolic volume.

Question 10

True or false, in mitral regurgitation, there is no crescendo or decrescendo. There is instead a pansystolic murmur.

Answer 10

True.