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PH 103 > Lecture 6 Unmasking the subjective turn: The Critique of Religion > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Unmasking the subjective turn: The Critique of Religion Flashcards

1
Q

Contemporary critique of religion is a creation of a certain kind of ________ towards religion.

A

attitude of MIND

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2
Q

What does August Comte argue?

A

that there are 3 stages in the development of civilization

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3
Q

What are the 3 stages in the development of civilization?

A
  1. primitive religious explanation of the universe
  2. philosophical hypotheis
  3. scientific knowledge
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4
Q

This time in the development of civilization involves the religious explanation of the universe; you are not totally civilized.

A

primitive religious explanation of the universe

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5
Q

This time in the development of civilization involves the MYTHOS becoming a LOGOS

A

Philosophical hypothesis

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6
Q

It is that which exists independently of anything else

A

Substance

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7
Q

Ultimate physical category; meaning of truth is relative

A

Relation

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8
Q

During which time was reson based on religious beliefs?

A

medieval time

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9
Q

during which time was beliefs based on reason

A

modern

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10
Q

Which theory states that there can be only one theory explaining everything

A

Theory of everything

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11
Q

Which theory attempts to explain the universe, but cannot explain subatomic particles?

A

Theory of relativity

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12
Q

What goes beyond religion?

A

scientific knowledge

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13
Q

Who propagated Hermeneutics?

-hermeneutics: we can retrieve the value of religion

A

Paul ricoeur

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14
Q

What are the 2 modes of interpretaion of hermeneutics?

A
  1. restoration or recollection of meaning

2. an exercise of suspicion

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15
Q

What kind of interpretation is present when you don’t belibe in god but you still do the rituals because it integrates you into a community?

A

restoration or recollection of meaning

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16
Q

What kind of interpretation is present when one doubt whether there really is a presupposed object in the earlier mode?

Some people pracitce CHRISTIAN NONREALISM, wherein we practice realities but have no background or objective

A

an exercise of suspicion

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17
Q

Accoring to paul ricoeur, who are the 3 masters of suspicion?

A
  1. karl marx
  2. sigmund freud
  3. friedrich nietzsche
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18
Q

What is the goal of the three masters?

A

to flatten the vertical horizon of religion

–the transcendent object is all too human

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19
Q

who said that the transcendent object is the opiate of the oppressed class?

A

Marx

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20
Q

Who said that the transcendent object is the manifestation of ressentment in a slave ethic?

A

nietzsche

21
Q

Who said that the transcendent object is an illusory attempt at wishful thinking?

A

Freud

22
Q

Who wrote the book “The Man-God”?

A

Luc Ferry

23
Q

Who is the man-god?

A

Jesus Christ

24
Q

How do we belive in the man-god?

A

practive HORIZONTAL TRANSCENDENCE

25
Q

it is seeing God by serving other people and changing society

A

horizontal transcendence

26
Q

a great manifestation of ___ is horizontal transcendence

A

vertical transcendence

27
Q

Who said that religion is self-objectification of humanity’s ultimate hope and destiny?

A

Ludwig Feuerbach

28
Q

Ludwig Feuerbach’s concept of religion is inline with the projection theory of ____

A

Xenophanes and Freud

29
Q

He is a devout atheist…

A

Ludwig Feuerbach

30
Q

It is believing that God is the objectification of man’s best qualities

A

Devout atheist

31
Q

under Feuerbach, theology becomes the study of ____

A

MAN / anthropocentrism

32
Q

Who says that religion is an ideology?

A

Karl marx

33
Q

What did karl marx emphasize?

A

anthropocentricism of religion

34
Q

According to marx, religion persists as long as ___

A

humanity is alienated from itself

-you are not getting what you are supposed to get (no self fulfillment)

35
Q

religion for marx becomes ideological because it becaomes…

A

the opium of the people (illusory satisfaction)

36
Q

What is the ideological double-character of religion?

A
  1. need by the oppressed

2. illusory satisfaction

37
Q

is there a place for religion in an emancipated social order?

A

no

38
Q

Who said that religion is an RESSENTIMENT?

A

Friedrich Nietzsche

39
Q

Religion according to nietzsche is the reversal of the. __

A

master-slave logic

-revenge of the weak slaves (RESSENTIMENT)

40
Q

acc to nietzsche, religion is not founded by reason but by ______

A

will to power (der Wille zur Macht)

41
Q

Absence of God results in the ____

A

transvaluation of values (beyond good and evil)

42
Q

Notions of _____ feed this RESSENTIMENT in christianity

A

guilt and sin

-we are told that we are sinners; hence we need God

43
Q

What is the genuine human ideal?

A 
the OVERMAN (Ubermensch )
-->becoming the best we can so that we wont need God, because we know what is good and evil
44
Q

Structure wherin masters are able to harness the primal drive for power

A

master slave strucutre

45
Q

According to him, religion is an illusion or a Wish fulfillment.

A

Sigmund freud

46
Q

What distinguishes freud from feuerbach?

A

instead of a projection of the fines qualities of man, religion for freud in the projection of NEUROTIC NEEDS that stream from human unconscious

47
Q

According to freud, religion is rooted in an ______, which is repetitive behaviour to please the father because of an underlying love for the mother

A

oedipus complex

48
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of religion as an illusion?

A
  1. Motivation underlying religious belief had for its basis a wish-fulfillment
  2. Because of the strength of this wish, a genuine relation with reality is factored out
  3. the belief does not warrant verification
49
Q

what is our challenge with religion?

A

to think of religion, we need to think about how we think of religion

PH 103 (3 decks)

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