Lecture 6 Unmasking the subjective turn: The Critique of Religion

Question 1

Contemporary critique of religion is a creation of a certain kind of ________ towards religion.

Answer 1

attitude of MIND

Question 2

What does August Comte argue?

Answer 2

that there are 3 stages in the development of civilization

Question 3

What are the 3 stages in the development of civilization?

Answer 3

1. primitive religious explanation of the universe
2. philosophical hypotheis
3. scientific knowledge

Question 4

This time in the development of civilization involves the religious explanation of the universe; you are not totally civilized.

Answer 4

primitive religious explanation of the universe

Question 5

This time in the development of civilization involves the MYTHOS becoming a LOGOS

Answer 5

Philosophical hypothesis

Question 6

It is that which exists independently of anything else

Answer 6

Substance

Question 7

Ultimate physical category; meaning of truth is relative

Answer 7

Relation

Question 8

During which time was reson based on religious beliefs?

Answer 8

medieval time

Question 9

during which time was beliefs based on reason

Answer 9

modern

Question 10

Which theory states that there can be only one theory explaining everything

Answer 10

Theory of everything

Question 11

Which theory attempts to explain the universe, but cannot explain subatomic particles?

Answer 11

Theory of relativity

Question 12

What goes beyond religion?

Answer 12

scientific knowledge

Question 13

Who propagated Hermeneutics?

-hermeneutics: we can retrieve the value of religion

Answer 13

Paul ricoeur

Question 14

What are the 2 modes of interpretaion of hermeneutics?

Answer 14

1. restoration or recollection of meaning

2. an exercise of suspicion

Question 15

What kind of interpretation is present when you don’t belibe in god but you still do the rituals because it integrates you into a community?

Answer 15

restoration or recollection of meaning

Question 16

What kind of interpretation is present when one doubt whether there really is a presupposed object in the earlier mode?

Some people pracitce CHRISTIAN NONREALISM, wherein we practice realities but have no background or objective

Answer 16

an exercise of suspicion

Question 17

Accoring to paul ricoeur, who are the 3 masters of suspicion?

Answer 17

1. karl marx
2. sigmund freud
3. friedrich nietzsche

Question 18

What is the goal of the three masters?

Answer 18

to flatten the vertical horizon of religion

–the transcendent object is all too human

Question 19

who said that the transcendent object is the opiate of the oppressed class?

Answer 19

Marx

Question 20

Who said that the transcendent object is the manifestation of ressentment in a slave ethic?

Answer 20

nietzsche

Question 21

Who said that the transcendent object is an illusory attempt at wishful thinking?

Answer 21

Freud

Question 22

Who wrote the book “The Man-God”?

Answer 22

Luc Ferry

Question 23

Who is the man-god?

Answer 23

Jesus Christ

Question 24

How do we belive in the man-god?

Answer 24

practive HORIZONTAL TRANSCENDENCE

Question 25

it is seeing God by serving other people and changing society

Answer 25

horizontal transcendence

Question 26

a great manifestation of ___ is horizontal transcendence

Answer 26

vertical transcendence

Question 27

Who said that religion is self-objectification of humanity’s ultimate hope and destiny?

Answer 27

Ludwig Feuerbach

Question 28

Ludwig Feuerbach's concept of religion is inline with the projection theory of ____

Answer 28

Xenophanes and Freud

Question 29

He is a devout atheist...

Answer 29

Ludwig Feuerbach

Question 30

It is believing that God is the objectification of man’s best qualities

Answer 30

Devout atheist

Question 31

under Feuerbach, theology becomes the study of ____

Answer 31

MAN / anthropocentrism

Question 32

Who says that religion is an ideology?

Answer 32

Karl marx

Question 33

What did karl marx emphasize?

Answer 33

anthropocentricism of religion

Question 34

According to marx, religion persists as long as ___

Answer 34

humanity is alienated from itself | -you are not getting what you are supposed to get (no self fulfillment)

Question 35

religion for marx becomes ideological because it becaomes...

Answer 35

the opium of the people (illusory satisfaction)

Question 36

What is the ideological double-character of religion?

Answer 36

1. need by the oppressed | 2. illusory satisfaction

Question 37

is there a place for religion in an emancipated social order?

Answer 37

no

Question 38

Who said that religion is an RESSENTIMENT?

Answer 38

Friedrich Nietzsche

Question 39

Religion according to nietzsche is the reversal of the. __

Answer 39

master-slave logic -revenge of the weak slaves (RESSENTIMENT)

Question 40

acc to nietzsche, religion is not founded by reason but by ______

Answer 40

will to power (der Wille zur Macht)

Question 41

Absence of God results in the ____

Answer 41

transvaluation of values (beyond good and evil)

Question 42

Notions of _____ feed this RESSENTIMENT in christianity

Answer 42

guilt and sin -we are told that we are sinners; hence we need God

Question 43

What is the genuine human ideal?

Answer 43

``` the OVERMAN (Ubermensch) -->becoming the best we can so that we wont need God, because we know what is good and evil ```

Question 44

Structure wherin masters are able to harness the primal drive for power

Answer 44

master slave strucutre

Question 45

According to him, religion is an illusion or a Wish fulfillment.

Answer 45

Sigmund freud

Question 46

What distinguishes freud from feuerbach?

Answer 46

instead of a projection of the fines qualities of man, religion for freud in the projection of NEUROTIC NEEDS that stream from human unconscious

Question 47

According to freud, religion is rooted in an ______, which is repetitive behaviour to please the father because of an underlying love for the mother

Answer 47

oedipus complex

Question 48

What are the 3 characteristics of religion as an illusion?

Answer 48

1. Motivation underlying religious belief had for its basis a wish-fulfillment 2. Because of the strength of this wish, a genuine relation with reality is factored out 3. the belief does not warrant verification

Question 49

what is our challenge with religion?

Answer 49

to think of religion, we need to think about how we think of religion