Lecture 6: TMS

Question 1

Limits to EGG

Answer 1

• cannot determine how spatial properties
• only when not where

Question 2

Limits of fMRI

Answer 2

• cannot distinguish individual contributions from various areas
• establish associations but not causal relations

Question 3

How does TMS work?

Answer 3

Based on the principle of electromagnetic induction and law of lenz

It can excite or inhibit the target area

Question 4

The function of the first wire and the second

Answer 4

First wire: stimulating coil

Second wire: target region of the brain, neural tissue, axons

Question 5

TMS physics

Answer 5

It can stimulate specific brain regions
And shut down brain regions
Interfere with ongoing activity

Question 6

What is neuro-navigation system?

Answer 6

Ultrasound-based co registration system to acquire stereotactic data for the localization of TMS target site.

Question 7

What does neuro-navigation system consist of?

Answer 7

Several miniature ultrasound transmitters

Question 8

Anatomical landmarks in neuro-navigation system

Answer 8

• Nation: midline bony depression between te eyes where the frontal and two nasal bones meet
• Incisurae intertragicae: deep notch in the lower part of the auricle between tragus and antitragus

Question 9

Advantages of TMS

Answer 9

• high temporal resolution (ms)
• spatial resolution (mm)
• can be therapeutical

Question 10

RQ: to what extend are these areas selectively recruited during stages of language production?

Answer 10

TMS as a way to examine the specificity of the anterior (aIFG) and posterior (pIFG) portion of the LIFG during semantic and phonological processing in production

Question 11

Klaus te al. 2 hypotheses

Answer 11

1. If aIFG crucial for semantic processing -> longer naming latencies during semantic production task
2. If pIFG crucial for semantic processing -> longer naming latencies during phonological production task

Question 12

Klaus te al. discussion

Answer 12

• stimulating left aIFG selectively increased naming latencies in semantic task
• stimulating left pIFG selectively decrease naming latencies in phonological tast

Question 13

Schuhmann et al., 2009 discussion and conclusion

Answer 13

Broca’s area functionally relevant around 300ms after picture shown on the screen.

Broca’s area could be involved in the syllabification stage of overt word production

Question 14

Naeser et al., 2012 results:

Answer 14

• 2 months after treatment: improvement on three naming tests
• 8 months after treatment: continued improvement of naming test

Question 15

Naeser et al., 2012 methods

Answer 15

TMS was applied to individual best-response cortical region of interest