lecture 6 - population distribution and abundance

Question 1

population

Answer 1

group of interacting individuals of the same species living in a particular area

Question 2

populations are dynamic

Answer 2

distribution and abundance can change over time and space

Question 3

types of clone forming

Answer 3

budding
apomixis
horizontal spread

Question 4

budding

Answer 4

clonal offspring detach from the parent

Question 5

apomixis

Answer 5

clonal offspring produced from unfertilized eggs

Question 6

horizontal spread

Answer 6

clonal offspring produced as organism grows

Question 7

what determines distribution and abundance

Answer 7

habitat suitability
historical factors
disperal

Question 8

habitat suitability

Answer 8

suitability based on either biotic or abiotic factors

Question 9

historical factors

Answer 9

evolutionary history and geologic events effect modern distribution of a species

Question 10

dispersal

Answer 10

dispersal limitation can prevent species from reaching areas of suitable habitat

Question 11

geographic range

Answer 11

the entire geographic region over which a species is bound, including areas occupied during all life stages and across seasons

Question 12

patchy distribution

Answer 12

not all habitat wihtin a range is suitable

Question 13

patchy distribution as large scales

Answer 13

climate may dictate locations of populations

Question 14

patchy distributions at smaller scales

Answer 14

soils, topography, other species, and other factors can determine patchiness

Question 15

dispersion

Answer 15

spatial arrangement within a pop

Question 16

dispersion of individuals within a pop depends on

Answer 16

location of essential resources
competition
dispersal
behavioural interactionsc

Question 17

causes of dispersion patterns

Answer 17

distribution of resources
favourable abiotic environment

Question 18

methods to estimate abundances

Answer 18

area based counts
distance methods
mark recapture studies
niche modeling

Question 19

area based counts

Answer 19

used most often to estimate abundance of immobile organisms
eg quadrats

Question 20

distance methods

Answer 20

distance of individuals from a linear point are converted into estimates of abundance
eg line transects

Question 21

mark recapture studies

Answer 21

used for mobile organisms
capture individuals, mark them, release them, give them time to randomly assort themselves into a pop, then do second cap

Question 22

population estimates when difficult to count

Answer 22

relative population size, estimating distributions

Question 23

relative population size

Answer 23

number of individuals in one time period or place relative to the number in another

Question 24

estimating distributions

Answer 24

niche modelling predicts a species distribution based on conditions at locations the species is known to occupy