lecture 1 - the web of life Flashcards

1
Q

what is ecology?

A

scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment

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2
Q

ecological hierarcy

A

organism -> population -> community -> ecosystem -> landscape -> biosphere

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3
Q

what is an ecosystem

A

the community and physical environment

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4
Q

what is a landscape

A

areas that vary substantially from one place to another and typically include more than one ecosystem

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5
Q

biosphere

A

all living organisms on earth plus the environments which they live

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6
Q

population

A

a group of individuals of a species that live in a particular area and interact with each other

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7
Q

community

A

an association of different populations of different species that live in the same area

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8
Q

biotic components

A

all living components in an ecosystem

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9
Q

abiotic components

A

the physical non living components of a natural system

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10
Q

example of biotic components

A

populations, communities

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11
Q

examples of abiotic components

A

altitude, salinity

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12
Q

true or false
ecosystems, landscapes, and biospheres have both biotic and abiotic characteristics

A

true

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13
Q

natural selection

A

the process by which individuals with certain traits tend to survives and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals because of these traits

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14
Q

how many ecological maxims are there

A

7

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15
Q

first ecological maxim

A

organisms interact and are interconnected

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16
Q

second ecological maxim

A

everything goes somewhere (nutrient cycling)

17
Q

third ecological maxim

A

no population can increase in size forever

18
Q

fourth ecological maxim

A

finite energy and resources result in trade offs

19
Q

fifth ecological maxim

A

populations evolve

20
Q

sixth ecological maxim

A

communities and populations change over time

21
Q

seventh ecological maxim

A

spatial scale matters

22
Q

trade offs

A

making choices, trading off one thing for another

23
Q

evolution

A

aka genetic variation
change in allele frequencies within a population overitme

24
Q

adaptation

A

aka survival of the fittest
a characteristic of an organism that improves its ability to survive or reproduce
can only have adaptation through natural selection

25
ecological studies
observational studies, experimental studies
26
observational studies
no manipulation in study observing what existed in world and how did the other variable respond powerful, allows larger scales
27
experimental studies
limits scales results caused by manipulation difficult to do over a wider scale
28
scales experiments can be done at
laboratory, small scale, large scale