LECTURE 6: PHASE 3 GATHERING EVIDENCE Flashcards
It is the conduct of processes, more particularly, the recognition, search, collection, handling, preservation and documentation of physical evidence to include the identification and interview of witnesses and the arrest of suspect/s at the crime scene.
Crime Scene Investigation
Republic Act6975 as Amended by Republic Act 8551 (PNP Law). The former law placed the Philippine National Police Crime Laboratory as an Operational Support Unit. The Crime Laboratory established the so-called Scene of the Crime Operation (SOCO) which is field operation. This is now an innovation because the SOCO now gathers all evidence at the crime scene and takes custody of them, marking and tagging them which otherwise the duty of the criminal investigator before.
SOCO (Scene of the Crime Operation)
What is the Composition of the SOCO Team?
- Team Leader
- Assistant team leader
- Photographer and photographic log recorder
- Sketcher and Evidence Recorder
- Evidence Recorder
- Evidence Recovery Personnel
- Driver/Security
What are the Equipment of SOCO?
Basic Equipment
Evidence Containers
Tools
Evidence Gathering Equipment
Miscellaneous
This is accomplished after the search is completed, the rough sketch finished and photographs taken. Fragile evidence should be collected as they are found.
Collecting Evidence
The investigator places his initials, the date and the time of discovery on each item of evidence and the time discovery on each item of evidence for proper identification. Items that could not be marked should be placed in a suitable container and sealed.
Removal of Evidence
Any physical evidence obtained must be tagged before its submission to the evidence custodian.
Tagging or Evidence
It is the investigator’s responsibility to ensure that every precaution is exercised to preserve physical evidence in the state in which it was recovered/obtained until it is released to the evidence custodian.
Preservation of Evidence
The scene is not released until all processing has been completed. The release should be effected at the earliest practicable time, particularly when an activity has been closed or its operations curtailed.
Releasing the Scene
What Constitute a Crime?
a. Crime scene can be understood to include all areas in which the criminal, any possible victim and any eyewitness move during the time the crime was committed.
b. The boundaries must be established so that the entire crime scene can be effectively preserved.
c. In some crimes, however, the crime scene may actually comprise several different sites.
What is the Golden Rule at the Crime Scene Investigation?
Never touch, move, or alter any object at the crime scene unless it has been photographed, measured, and sketched from any conceivable angle.
an area which, is ideally located adjacent to the Crime Scene where the CSI Evidence Custodian stays and receives the pieces of evidence turned over to him for safekeeping by the other evidence collectors.
Command Post
The main objective is to create an accurate objective visual record of the crime scene before any item is moved as possible physical evidence.
Crime Scene Photography (Photographing the Crime Scene)
What are the Major Types of Pictorial Views?
General View / Long Range
Mid-Range View
Close-Up View
photograph of the over-all scene.
Distance: From the doorway to the room and other corners of the room
General View / Long Range
Distance: Eight or ten feet from the victim
Mid-Range View
every physical evidence must be photographed in close-up view and for different angles
Close-Up View
is prepared indicating the actual measurement of things with scale and proportion observed and oriented to the North Pole. All necessary information is placed in the sketch.
Rough Sketch
What are the Elements of a Sketch?
a. Measurement
b. Compass direction
c. Essential items
d. Scale and proportion
e. Legend
f. Title
What are the Specific Kinds of Sketches?
a. Sketch of Locality
b. Sketch of the Ground
c. Sketch in Details
d. Exploded/ cross projection
give picture of the scene, the crime and its environment, including neighbouring buildings, roads, etc
Sketch of Locality
picture of the scene of the crime with its nearest physical surrounding
Sketch of the Ground
the immediate scene only.
Sketch in Details
gives the clear impression of the scene in cases where blood stains or bullet holes are found.
Exploded / Cross Projection
What are the Sketching Methods?
a. Neighborhood sketch
b. Elevation Sketch
c. Floor Plan Sketch
d. Detailed Sketch
What are the Types of Measurements?
- Rectangular coordinates method
- Triangulation method
- Baseline method
- Compass point method
- Cross projection method
a sketching method that involves measuring the distance of an object from two fixed lines at right angles to each other
Rectangular Coordinates Method
a sketching method that requires measuring the distance of an object along a straight line from two widely separated fixed reference points.
Triangulation Method
a sketching method that makes measurements along from a single reference line, called a baseline, which can be established by using a length of string, chalk line, or some other convenient means
Baseline Method
a sketching method that requires a protractor or some method of measuring angles between two lines. One point is selected as the origin and a line extending from the origin becomes an axis from which the angles can be measured.
Compass Point Method
a sketching method in which the ceiling appears to open up like a lid of a hinged box, with the four walls opening outward. Measurements are then indicated from a point on the floor to the wall.
Cross Projection Method
