LECTURE 5: Tracing And Locating The Criminals Flashcards
an individual who supplies information on a confidential basis with the understanding that his identity will not be made known
Confidential Informant
What is the Phase 2 of the Investigation
Tracing and Locating the Criminals
person who gives information to the police relevant to a criminal case about the activities of criminals or syndicates
Informant
What are the TYPES of INFORMANT
Anonymous Informant
Rival Elimination Imformant
False Informant
Frightened Informant
Self-Aggrandizing Informant
Mercenary Informant
Double Crosser Informant
Woman Informant
Legitimate Informant
Give the MOTIVES of INFORMANTS
a. Vanity
b. Civic-mindedness
c. Fear
d. Repentance
e. Avoidance of punishment
f. Competition
g. Revenge
h. Jealousy
i. Remuneration
the investigation of a certain case, a point is reached when the investigator sometimes finds it difficult to secure leads through questioning of the complainant and witnesses. In such a situation, the investigator has to go to the filed to locate the criminal or, if he is known, to study his habits, movements and possible accomplices in the commission of the crime
Surveillance In General
is the discreet observation of places, persons and vehicles for the purpose of obtaining information concerning the identities or activities of subjects
Surveillance
What are the OBJECTIVES of SURVEILLANCE?
a) To detect criminal activities
b) To discover the identity of persons who frequent the establishment and determine their relationship.
c) To discern the habits of a person who lives in or frequents the place.
d) To obtain evidence of a crime or to prevent the commission of a crime.
the act of following a person
Shaowing or Tailing
What are the OBJECTIVES of Shadowing or Tailing?
a) To detect evidence of criminal activities.
b) To establish the association of a suspect
c) To find a wanted person
d) To protect a witness
3 TYPES of SHADOWING
Lose Tail
Rough Shadowing
Close Tail
employed when a general impression of the subject’s habits and associates is required
Lose Tail
without special precautions may be used where the criminal must be shadowed and he is aware of this fact; or where the subject is a material witness and must be protected from harm or other undesirable influences
Rough Shadowing
one is which extreme precautions are taken against losing the subject
Close Tail
It is where the subject should be kept unaware that he is being shadowed. The investigator should be inconspicuous. He should not be detected looking directly at the suspect. He should shift from left to right, never remaining for long directly behind the subject. Both sides of the street should be used. If the tail, he should request immediate removal from the statement.
TACTICS
The investigator must maintain a note or log containing a chronological record of the activities of both the investigator and the subject. The log can be used either in the interrogation of the suspect or for purposes of cross-examination during trial.
NOTE
It is a form of investigation in which the investigator assumes a different and unofficial identity (a cover story) in order to obtain information. The general objective of an undercover investigation is to obtain more information.
Roping or Undercover Work
Discusses a situation where the police arrest an investigator, he must act in accordance with his orders. If he has not received orders regarding the disclosure of his identity in case of arrest by other law enforcement officers, he must act according to his judgment. In such a case, if retaining his assumed character does not serve a useful purpose, the investigator should refuse to make a statement except to a member of his own organization.
Arrest of Undercover Agent
the person who maintains the surveillance or performs the observation
Surveillant
the person or place being watched or surveyed
Subject
What are the METHODS of SHADOWING?
One Man
Two Man
ABC Method
Progressive/Leap from Method
Combined Foot&Auto Surveillance
extremely difficult and should be avoided, if unavoidable keep subject in view at all times
One Man Shadowing
two agents are employed to follow the subject
Two Man Shadowing
reduces the risk of losing the subject, affords greater security agents’ detection
ABC Method of Shadowing
poor chances of obtaining good results, agents are stations at a fixed point assuming that subject followed the same general route each day
Progressive/Leap from Method Shadowing
employment of surveillants on foot and agents in an automobile
Combined Foot & Auto Surveillance
A type of surveillance that uses automobiles.
Automobile Surveillance
a form of investigation in which the investigator assumes a different and unofficial identity in order to obtain information
Undercover Investigation
an investigative technique in which the Agent’s/Investigator’s official identity is concealed to accomplish an investigative mission
Undercover
using the individual’s true identity, occupation or profession
Natural Cover
the manufacture of documents, false documents, passports, or forged documents
Artificial Cover
