Lecture 6 - Pharmacogenetics

Question 1

genetic changes that impact drug response can be ____, where the variant is present in all cells or ___, where the variant is in a particular group of cells

Answer 1

constitutional (inherited);

somatic

Question 2

____ explores what the body does to the drug. ____ explores what a drug does to the body

Answer 2

pharmacokinetics;

pharmacodynamics

Question 3

what CYP is responsible for conversion of codeine to morphine?

Answer 3

CYP2D6

Question 4

CYP2D6:

people with the normal CYP2D6 enzyme are called _____ metabolizers. risk of toxicity with standard dose of codeine?

Answer 4

extensive;

very low

Question 5

CYP2D6: people with inadequate expression of CYP2D6 are called _____ metabolizers. side effects from increased _____.

Answer 5

poor;
codeine;

see in caucasians

Question 6

CYP2D6:
people with overexpression are called _______.
adverse effefcts from increased _____;

due to ____ ____ polymorphisms

Answer 6

ultrametabolizers;
morphine;

copy number

ie multiple copies;

see in east africans

Question 7

TPMT catalyzes the _______ of 6-Mercaptopurine into _____ metabolites

Answer 7

S-methylation;

inactive

Question 8

patients with low levels of TPMT are at risk for life threatening side effects of 6-MP such as _____

Answer 8

myelosuppression

also pancreatitis and hepatotoxicity

Question 9

warfarin inhibits what enzyme?

what CYP metabolizes it?

Answer 9

Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase (VKOR)

CYP2C9

Question 10

reduced vitamin K is required for _______ of what clotting factors?

Answer 10

gamma carboxylation;

10, 9, 7, 2, C, S

ie 1972 CS

Question 11

a pharmacokinetic variation in warfarin metabolism would be variations in ______. variations in ____ are an example of a pharmacodynamic variation.

Answer 11

CYP2C9;

VKORC1

Question 12

VKORC1 haplotype group A produce _____ VKOR and need ____ doses of Warfarin

Answer 12

less;
lower

see in caucasians