Lecture 2.5 Prenatal Diagnosis/Teratogens Flashcards
non-invasive tests are based off of the ____ enviornment. 2 examples?
fetal;
maternal serum, ultrasounds, cell free fetal DNA
3 examples of invasive tests?
amniocentesis, chorionic villi sampling, percutanoues umbillical cord sampling (PUBS)
first trimester maternal serum findings with down syndrome = ___ PAPP-A, ____ free B-hCG
decreased, increased
first trimester screening for edwards (and patau) = ____ beta-HCG, ____ PAPP-A
decreased, decreased
down syndrome ultrasound:
____ nuchal translucency due to ____ nuchal ligament. ____ nasal bone
increased;
thickened;
hypoplastic
down quad screen (second semester):
____ AFP, ____ beta HCG, ____ estriol (UE3), ____ inhibin A
decreased, increased;
decreased, increased;
edwards quad screen ( second semester):
____ AFP, ____ beta-HCG, ____ estriol (UE3), ____ inhibin A
decreased,
decreased,
decreased,
decreased or normal
just think all decreased
in general, ___ nuchal translucency has increased risk of problems
increased
regardless of down or nah
alpha-fetoprotein:
produced by fetus or mom?
what organ is it produced in?
importantly, it is _____ dependent
fetal liver;
gestational age
circulating cell free fetal DNA (ccffDNA):
____ in origin. ____ test for ____ abnormalities
placental (test in mom’s blood);
screening (ie not diagnostic);
chromosomal
of the 3 invasive tests, rank in order of completion (ie earliest first):
chorionic villus sampling (10-16 weeks), amniocentesis (10-14 weeks). PUBS (19-21 weeks)
of the three invasive tests, which has the highest risk of fetal loss?
lowest?
PUBS;
amniocentesis
does amniocentesis look at cells, amniotic fluid, or both?
both
of the invasive prenatal diagnostic measures, which as the highest risk of maternal contamination?
CVS
2 possible outcomes of teratogen exposure prior to implantation
spontaneous miscarriage;
normal pregnancy
ie all or none
teratogens-tobacco:
most common effect is _____;
also SIDS, preterm labor, placental disruption
low birth weight
fetal alcohol syndrome:
___cephaly, growth deficiency;
facial infects = smooth ____, thin _____; small _____
micro;
philtrum, vermillion border, palpebral fissures
also limb dislocation, heart defects, holoprosencephaly
cocaine causes:
_____, ____ birth, _____, placental ____
low birth weight, premature, IGUR, abruption
_____ classically causes limb defects;
____ causes ebstein anomaly;
____ causes bone deformities and fetal hemorrhage
thalidomide;
lithium;
warfarin
maternal diabetes:
____ ____ syndrome, ____ ____ defects, heart defects, ___ somia, neonatal _____
caudal regression;
neural tube;
macrosomia;
hypoglycemia
