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MCBG > Lecture 6- Nutrition > Flashcards

Lecture 6- Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What is reducing power?

A

Energised electrons that can be used to build new molecules etc.

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2
Q

How many kilojoules are in a kcal?

A

4.2 kilojoules

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3
Q

How many calories in a calorie?

A

1000 as the term calorie has come to mean that same thing as kilocalorie.

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4
Q

What is a kcal?

A

The energy required to raise the temperature of one kg of water by one degree.

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5
Q

How many units are in an oligosaccharide?

A

Three to twelve

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6
Q

What is fructose?

A

Single unit fruit sugar

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7
Q

What is sucrose?

A

One glucose and one fructose unit

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8
Q

What is lactose?

A

One galactose and one glucose unit

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9
Q

What is glycogen?

A

Multiple glucose units

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10
Q

What is maltose?

A

Two glucose units

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11
Q

What are the 9 essential amino acids?

A

If learned this huge list may prove truly valuable.

Isoleucine
Lysine
Threonine
Histidine
Leucine
Methionine 
Phenylalanine 
Tryptophan 
Valine
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12
Q

What is a conditionally essential amino acid?

A

Essential at certain times for example during rapid protein synthesis. Eg pregnancy

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13
Q

What should you warn people about when it comes to a vegetarian diet?

A

Plants have lower quality proteins. May not contain all 9 essential amino acids so a variety of plant types should be eaten.

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14
Q

What type of fat could soon be banned?

A

Trans fats- increase shelf life of food but very unhealthy

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15
Q

Why are fats important?

A

Required for the absorption of fat soluble vitamins such as D and . Yield a lot of energy and provide essential fatty acids such as linoleum and linolenic which are essential for membrane synthesis.

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16
Q

Why are minerals important?

A 
Electrolytes for ion gradients
Calcium and phosphorous for structure
Calcium for signalling
Enzyme co-factors 
Iron for haemoglobin
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17
Q

What are the IV maintenance values of sodium, potassium and chloride?

A

One mini molar per kJ per day

18
Q

What are the IV maintenance values for water?

A

30ml per KG per day

19
Q

What is the term for having too much vitamins in the diet?

A

Toxic hyper vitaminosis

20
Q

What does deficiency of vitamin D lead to?

A

Rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Results in weak and soft bones.

21
Q

What does vitamin B12 deficiency lead to?

A

Anaemia as it is required to make fully functioning red blood cells

22
Q

Why cant humans digest cellulose?

A

Don’t have enzymes to break the beta 1-4 linkages.

23
Q

How much fibre do humans require?

A

Should be 18g per day but average intake is much lower than this.

24
Q

What can fibre deficiency lead to?

A

Constipation and bowel cancer

25
Q

Why is fibre healthy?

A

Reduces cholesterol and risk of diabetes

26
Q

What are DRV’s (dietary reference values)?

A

Estimations of the amount of energy and nutrients required by different groups of healthy UK population.

27
Q

What are some examples of DRV’s?

A

Reference nutrient intake RNI used for proteins, vitamins and minerals
Estimated average requirement EAR used for energy
Lower reference nutrient intake
LRNI

Safe intake- used when insufficient data (hope to become RNI)

Intakes below LRNI insufficient for most people

28
Q

What does Estimated average requirement mean?

A

Enough for 50% population, 50% will need more

29
Q

What does reference nutrient intake mean?

A

Enough for 97.5% of population. 2.5% will need more

30
Q

What does LRNI mean

A

Only enough for 2.5% of population

31
Q

What is used to display nutrient requirements to the public?

A

The eat well guide.

32
Q

With moderate physical activity how much energy do we need daily?

A

70kg male 12000 kJ daily

58 kg female 9500 kJ daily

33
Q

What is our daily energy consumption a sum of?

A

Basal metabolic rate
Diet induced thermogenesis (energy required to digest food)
Physical activity level or voluntary skeletal movement

34
Q

What percentage of BMR does brain account for?

A

20%

35
Q

What is obesity?

A

Excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue which impairs health.

36
Q

How do you calculate BMI?

A

Wight in KJ divided by height squared units are kJ/msquared

37
Q

What are the waist to hip ratio values?

A

0.9 men and 0.85 women

38
Q

Is abdominal fat or hip fat more dangerous?

A

Abdominal fat, increased risk of various diseases.

39
Q

What will the BMR of a sedentary person be?

A

BMR plus 30%
65% moderate 2 hours
100% several hours intense exercise

40
Q

How many KJ per g of various food types

A

Fat 37kj/g
Alcohol 29
Carbs 17
Protein 17

41
Q

What is used in hospital to screen for mulnutrition?

A

The MUST Malnutrition universal screening tool.

MCBG (22 decks)

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