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(J) Anatomy Test 1 > Lecture 6: Nervous System Introduction, Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Nervous System Introduction, Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system?

A

-sensory -motor -cognitive

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2
Q

What are the divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system?

A

Central Nervous System (CNS) -brain -spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) -cranial nerves -spinal nerves Autonomic Nervous System -sympathetic -parasympathetic

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3
Q

What is the difference between afferent and efferent pathways?

A

Afferent (sensory): carries information to the CNS Efferent (motor): carries information away from the CNS

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4
Q

How many cranial and spinal nerve pairs are there?

A

Cranial: 12; I-XII Spinal: 31; C1-8, T1-12, L1-5, S1-5, Co

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5
Q

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Efferent pathways innervating smooth muscles and glands.

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6
Q

What are the subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system? Compare them.

A

Sympathetic (thoracolumbar): fight or flight Parasympathetic (craniosacral): feed and breed

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7
Q

Describe the development of the neural tube.

A

Neural plate is formed by thickening of the tissue stimulated by the notochord. The ends of he neural plate pinch together forming neural folds and the neural groove. The neural folds fuse to create the neural tube. This fusion starts from the middle and spreads towards the ends.

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8
Q

What are the divisions of the tripartite brain?

A

-prosencephalon -mesencephalon -rhombencephalon

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9
Q

What are the divisions of the pentapartite brain?

A

-telencephalon -diencephalon -mesencephalon -metencephalon -myelencephalon

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10
Q

What do the different parts of the telencephalon develop into?

A

Lumina: -lateral ventricles Floor: -basal ganglia -olfactory nerves Roof -cerebral hemispheres

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11
Q

What do the different parts of the diencephalon develop into?

A

Lumen: -third ventricle Roof -epithalmus Walls -thalamus Floor -hypothalamus and infundibulum

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12
Q

What do the different parts of the mesencephalon develop into?

A

Lumen: -cerebral aqueduct Roof: -tectum Floor: -tegmentum

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13
Q

What do the different parts of the metencephalon develop into?

A

Lumen: -fourth ventricle Roof: -cerebellum Floor: -pons

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14
Q

What do the different parts of the myencephalon develop into?

A

Lumen: -forth ventricle Main part: -medulla oblongota Roof: -choroid plexus

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15
Q

What are the parts of a neuron?

A

Cell body Dendrites Axon

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16
Q

What are the features of the cell body?

A

-contains the nucleus, Golgi body and endoplasmic reticulum -maintains the rest of the cell

17
Q

What are the features of the dendrites?

A

-consists of several to many short branches coming of the cell body -have receptors for neurotransmitters -conduct local potentials

18
Q

What are the key features of the axon?

A

-single, relatively long structure -conducts action potential -ends branch into telodendria which end in a terminal bouton -cell membrane is called axolemma; cytoplasm is called axoplasm

19
Q

Define nucleus

A

Aggregation of dendrites and cell bodies in the CNS

20
Q

Define ganglion

A

Aggregation of dendrites and cell bodies in the PNS

21
Q

Define nerve

A

Bundle of axons in the PNS

22
Q

Define tract

A

Bundle of axons in the CNS

23
Q

Define commissary

A

Tracts in the CNS that cross from one side to the other

24
Q

Define white matter

A

Areas of myelinated axons

25
Q

Define gray matter

A

Areas of unmyelinated axons, cell bodies, and dendrites

26
Q

Identify the colored structures

A

Yellow: dorsal ramus

Orange: ventral ramus

Red: white ramus communicans

27
Q

Describe the structure of a synapse.

A

Presynaptic membrane: releases vesicles containing neurotransmitters

Synaptic cleft: gap between pre- and postsynaptic membranes

Postsynaptic membrane: contains neurotransmitter receptors

28
Q

Distinguish between afferent and efferent pathways.

A

Afferent: sensory; carries information towards the CNS

Efferent: motor; carries information away from the CNS

29
Q

Differentiate between a monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex arc.

A

Monosynaptic: one synapse consisting of only an afferent pathway and an efferent pathway; no processing, cannot be inhibited

Polysynaptic: more than one synapse; contains interneurons; there can be processing and inhibition

30
Q

Label the indicated structures

A

(J) Anatomy Test 1 (4 decks)

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