Lecture 5 - Axila, Lateral Cervical Triangle

Question 1

What bones are found in the pectoral region?

Answer 1

Sternum Clavicle

• Manubrium Ribs
• Body Scapula
• Xiphoid process

Question 2

What are the functions of fascia in the pectoral region?

Answer 2

Defines borders

Invests muscles

Creates potential spaces

Question 3

What structures are associated with the superficial fascia of the pectoral region?

Answer 3

Muscles:

-platysma

Nerves:

• supraclavicular nerves
• anterior and lateral branches of intercostal nerves

Question 4

What are the borders of the deltopectoral triangle?

Answer 4

• deltoid -pectoralis major
• clavicle (middle)

Question 5

What are the contents of the deltopectoral triangle?

Answer 5

• cephalic vein
• deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery
• deltopectoral lymph nodes

Question 6

What is the clavipectoral fascia?

Answer 6

Attachements:

• clavicle
• anterior thoracic wall

Muscles:

• subclavius
• pectoralis minor

Blood vessels:

• cephalic vein
• throacoacromial artery

Nerves:

-lateral pectoral nerves

Question 7

What forms the suspensory ligament?

Answer 7

The inferior portion of the clavipectoral fascia

Question 8

What are the muscles of the pectoral region?

Answer 8

• pectoralis major -pectoralis minor
• subclavius -serratus anterior

Question 9

What innervates the muscles of the pectoral region?

Answer 9

Ventral rami of the spinal nerves via the brachial plexus.

Question 10

What structures are associated with the superficial cervical fascia?

Answer 10

Muscles: - platysma Blood vessels: -superficial veins Nerves: -cutaneous nerves (Remember its superficial to help with nerves and blood vessels)

Question 11

What structures are associated with the prevertebral fascia?

Answer 11

Covers the muscles of the lateral cervical triangle.

Question 12

What are the borders of the lateral cervical triangle?

Answer 12

Anterior border: -posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid

Posterior border: -anterior border of the trapezius

Inferior border: -clavicle

Question 13

What are the muscles of the lateral cervical triangle? (6)

Answer 13

• splenius capitus -levator scapulae
• scalenus posterior -scalenus medius
• scalenus anterior -omohyoid

Question 14

What vascular structures are contained in the lateral cervical triangle? (3/2)

Answer 14

• occipital artery -subclavian vein
• transverse cervical artery -external jugular vein
• subclavian artery

Question 15

What nerves are contained in the lateral cervical triangle?

Answer 15

-lesser occipital (C2) -supraclavicular (C3,4) -accessory (CN XI)

Question 16

Describe the spinal accessory nerve.

Answer 16

-Spinal root originates from C1-C5. -It passes into the skull via the foramen magnum. -The cranial root originates from the medulla and joins the spinal root in the skull. -Both exit through the jugular foramen and split.

Question 17

What are the boundaries of the base of the axilla?

Answer 17

Anterior: Medial:

-pectoralis major -thoracic wall

Posterior: Lateral:

-latissimus dorsi

Lateral: -humerus

Question 18

What are the boundaries of the base of the axila?

Answer 18

Anterior: -clavicle Posterior: - superior border of scapulae Medial: -first rib

Question 19

What muscles form the anterior and posterior axillary folds?

Answer 19

Anterior fold: -pectoralis major Posterior Fold: -latissimus dorsi -teres major

Question 20

What vessels and nerves are contained in the axilla?

Answer 20

Blood vessels:Nerves:

• axillary vein -thoracic long nerve
• axillary artery -cords of the brachial plexus
• cephalic vein -proximal ends of the terminal nerves of brachial plexus
• basilic vein

Lymph nodes:

-axillary lymph nodes

Question 21

What makes up the anterior wall of the axilla?

Answer 21

-pectoralis major -pectoralis minor -subclavius -clavicle

Question 22

What makes up the posterior wall of the axilla?

Answer 22

-scapula -subscapularis -latissimus dorsi -teres major

Question 23

What makes up the lateral wall of the axilla?

Answer 23

• intertubercular sulcus
• tendon of long head of biceps
• coracobrachialis tendon