Lecture 5 - Axila, Lateral Cervical Triangle Flashcards
What bones are found in the pectoral region?
Sternum Clavicle
- Manubrium Ribs
- Body Scapula
- Xiphoid process
What are the functions of fascia in the pectoral region?
Defines borders
Invests muscles
Creates potential spaces
What structures are associated with the superficial fascia of the pectoral region?
Muscles:
-platysma
Nerves:
- supraclavicular nerves
- anterior and lateral branches of intercostal nerves
What are the borders of the deltopectoral triangle?
- deltoid -pectoralis major
- clavicle (middle)
What are the contents of the deltopectoral triangle?
- cephalic vein
- deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery
- deltopectoral lymph nodes
What is the clavipectoral fascia?
Attachements:
- clavicle
- anterior thoracic wall
Muscles:
- subclavius
- pectoralis minor
Blood vessels:
- cephalic vein
- throacoacromial artery
Nerves:
-lateral pectoral nerves
What forms the suspensory ligament?
The inferior portion of the clavipectoral fascia
What are the muscles of the pectoral region?
- pectoralis major -pectoralis minor
- subclavius -serratus anterior
What innervates the muscles of the pectoral region?
Ventral rami of the spinal nerves via the brachial plexus.
What structures are associated with the superficial cervical fascia?
Muscles: - platysma Blood vessels: -superficial veins Nerves: -cutaneous nerves (Remember its superficial to help with nerves and blood vessels)
What structures are associated with the prevertebral fascia?
Covers the muscles of the lateral cervical triangle.
What are the borders of the lateral cervical triangle?
Anterior border: -posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
Posterior border: -anterior border of the trapezius
Inferior border: -clavicle
What are the muscles of the lateral cervical triangle? (6)
- splenius capitus -levator scapulae
- scalenus posterior -scalenus medius
- scalenus anterior -omohyoid
What vascular structures are contained in the lateral cervical triangle? (3/2)
- occipital artery -subclavian vein
- transverse cervical artery -external jugular vein
- subclavian artery
What nerves are contained in the lateral cervical triangle?
-lesser occipital (C2) -supraclavicular (C3,4) -accessory (CN XI)
Describe the spinal accessory nerve.
-Spinal root originates from C1-C5. -It passes into the skull via the foramen magnum. -The cranial root originates from the medulla and joins the spinal root in the skull. -Both exit through the jugular foramen and split.
What are the boundaries of the base of the axilla?
Anterior: Medial:
-pectoralis major -thoracic wall
Posterior: Lateral:
-latissimus dorsi
Lateral: -humerus
What are the boundaries of the base of the axila?
Anterior: -clavicle Posterior: - superior border of scapulae Medial: -first rib
What muscles form the anterior and posterior axillary folds?
Anterior fold: -pectoralis major Posterior Fold: -latissimus dorsi -teres major
What vessels and nerves are contained in the axilla?
Blood vessels:Nerves:
- axillary vein -thoracic long nerve
- axillary artery -cords of the brachial plexus
- cephalic vein -proximal ends of the terminal nerves of brachial plexus
- basilic vein
Lymph nodes:
-axillary lymph nodes
What makes up the anterior wall of the axilla?
-pectoralis major -pectoralis minor -subclavius -clavicle
What makes up the posterior wall of the axilla?
-scapula -subscapularis -latissimus dorsi -teres major
What makes up the lateral wall of the axilla?
- intertubercular sulcus
- tendon of long head of biceps
- coracobrachialis tendon
