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STDEV 375 > Lecture 6: Nerves and Anesthetic > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Nerves and Anesthetic Flashcards

1
Q

What is osteointegration?

A

The fusing of implant to bone

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2
Q

What are some disadvantages to bridges?

A

They aren’t fastened to the bone, so the gums tend to recede

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3
Q

True/False: The adhesion between composite and tooth is almost as strong as that between dentin and enamel

A

TRUE

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4
Q

How is the trigeminal nerve broken down ( how many main segments and names)?

A

V1-Opthalmic
V2-Maxillary
V3-Mandibular

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5
Q

What nerves make up the opthalmic nerve?

A
  • Lacrimal
  • Frontal
  • Nasocilliary
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6
Q

What nerves make up the maxillary nerve?

A

-Outer loop (innervates teeth and outer gum tissue of maxillary)
-Inner Loop (spheno-palatine ganglion)
Innervates lingual side of teeth and gums)

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7
Q

What nerves constitute the Outer Loop of the Maxillary and what teeth do they innervate?

A 
Posterior Superior Alveolar (PSA)
---Molars
Middle Superior Alveolar (MSA)
---Bicuspids
Anterior Superior Alveolar (ASA)
---Cuspids forward
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8
Q

What nerves constitute the Inner Loop of the Maxillary and what teeth/area do they innervate?

A

Anterior Palatine (greater palatine)
—Both sides of hard palate, up until canines
Nasopalatine (incisal palatine nerve)
—Canine to canine

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9
Q

What nerves constitute the Mandibular nerve?

A 
Anterior Trunk (primary function is motor)
Posterior Trunk (primary function is sensory)
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10
Q

What nerves constitute the Anterior trunk of the Mandibular nerve?

A
  • -Lateral ptherygoid
  • -Masseteric
  • -Tempora branches
  • -Buccal nerve (one of the sensory nerves, which provides sensation to the gums and supporting tissue on the facial side of lower teeth)
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11
Q

What nerves constitute the Posterior trunk of the Mandibular nerve?

A

–Auriculo-temporal branch (innervates portions of the ear and temple region)
–Inferior dental (inferior alveolar)
Enters through mandibular foreman, and becomes the mental nerve to provide sensation to the lower lip)
Innervates lower teeth
–Lingual

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12
Q

How is a Posterior Superior Alveolar (PSA) block performed?

A

Insert the needle along the maxilla so that the tip of the needle sits just facial to the roots of the maxillary second molar.
–Numbs maxillary molars and facial tissue

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13
Q

How is a Middle Superior Alveolar (MSA) block performed?

A

Insert the needle along the maxilla just
above the first premolar to the apex of
the root.
—This will numb the two maxillary premolars and facial tissue

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14
Q

How is the Anterior Superior Alveolar block?

A

This is done by placing the needle along
the maxilla at the mesial of the cuspid tooth to the
apex of the cuspid.
—This will numb the anterior maxillary teeth and facial tissue.

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15
Q

How is the Greater Palatine block performed?

A

This is done by placing the needle into
the greater palatine foreman.
—This will numb the roof of the mouth up to about the cuspid region.

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16
Q

How is the Nasopalatine block performed?

A

Insert needle just lingual to the two maxillary central incisors
–This will numb the roof of the mouth from cuspid to cuspid

17
Q

How is the Inferior Dental (which usually ends up blocking the lingual and buccal b/c they pass by so closely) block performed? It is also called the mandibular block.

A

Insert needle along inside surface of ramus until it is near the mandibular foreman
–This numbs all the lower teeth on the side the shot is given

18
Q

How is the Mental block performed?

A

This is given usually between the premolars
and apical to their root ends.
–This will usually numb the lower anterior teeth from the first premolar forward and the associated facial tissue.
–No lingual tissue will be
numbed with this technique.

19
Q

How is infiltration performed?

A

Simply put the needle in the area you want to anesthetize and push in the anesthetic

  • -Will numb any thin or low density bone area like the upper teeth and the lower anterior teeth
  • -Also numbs soft tissue very well
20
Q

How is the periodontal ligament (PDL) injection performed?

A

Insert needle down into the sulcus of the tooth that
needs deeper anesthesia and force anesthetic into the PDL space and surrounding
bone.
–This type of anesthesia works immediately however it may make the tooth tender to
bite on for a few days
–Used when other injections are not providing deep enough anesthesia

21
Q

How and why is the Direct Pulpal injection performed?

A
  • *Last resort injection**
  • -Anesthesia is administered directly into the root canal of the tooth
  • -Only performed when doing a root canal as it will irrepairably damage the nerve
22
Q

What does TENS stand for?

A

Transcuteneous Electrical Neural Stimulation

–Provides mild to moderate anesthesia without needles

23
Q

What types of medications are often used when performing oral conscious sedation?

A

Sleeping medications like Halcion, but given at much higher doses

24
Q

What does ED50 mean?

A

Effective dose for 50% of the population

25
Q

What does LD50 mean?

A

Lethal dose for 50% of the population

26
Q

What is the success rate of the mandibular block?

A

70% success (lowest success rate, due to depth and concentration of tissue. Also this area is often missed)

27
Q

What does armamentarium mean?

A

The medicines, equipment, and techniques available to a medical practitioner

28
Q

What are the four main common anesthetics used in dentistry?

A

Lidocaine (xylocaine)
Mepivicaine (carbicaine
Bupivacaine (marcaine)
Articaine (septicaine)

29
Q

When is lidocaine (xylocaine) used?

A

Most common anesthetic

–Contains epinephrine, so it lasts longer in the target area

30
Q

Whenis Mepivacaine (carbicaine) used?

A

For patients with high blood pressure or those with recent heart surgery, or those with weak hearts
–NO EPINEPHRINE

31
Q

When is Bupivicaine (marcaine) used?

A

Long Lasting (6-12 hours). Often used for oral surgery like wisdom teeth extraction

32
Q

When is Articaine (septicaine) used?

A

Diffuses twice as far as other anesthetics, due to higher solubility rate
–Gets patients very very numb

STDEV 375 (7 decks)

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