Lecture 6 - Memory 2 Flashcards

Question

What is long term potentiation?

Answer 1

Strengthening of synaptic transmission by enhanced firing of neurons after repeated stimulation. Structural changes and enhanced responding. Memory is behaviour, not storage

Answer 2

Connections between the cortex and the hippocampus are initially strong. Reactivation - activity occurs between the hippocampus and the cortex Connections are formed between cortical areas, and the connections between hippocampus and the cortex are weakened and eventually vanish (cross-cortical consolidation).

Answer 3

loss of memory for events prior to trauma

Answer 4

memory for recent events is more fragile than for remote events

Answer 5

inability to form new long term memories for events after trauma (H.M. example)

Answer 6

- sleep (enhances consolidation) - memories that are intentionally learned for recall (more consolidated)

Answer 7

Retrieved memories become fragile and are consolidated again

Answer 8

Semantic memory increases until ~60-65 Then decreases slowly Implicit memory is not much affected by age Episodic memory deteriorates quite rapidly after 60 Recognition performance better than free recall

Answer 9

Forgetting - Familiarity: semantic memory, e.g. when seeing a familiar face but don’t remember the name of the person or where we know them from - Recollection: episodic memory, e.g. when remembering where you met that person and what you talked about, but you forgot their name Remember/Know procedure - Semanticization of remote memories (you know but don’t remember) - Loss of episodic details for memories of long-ago events

Answer 10

Addis 2007 Episodic memories are extracted and recombined to create simulations of future events. Helps us to anticipate future needs and guide future behaviours. Adaptive function similar to mind wandering

Answer 11

Memory = what actually happens + persons knowledge experiences and expectations

Answer 12

Participants remember a story from a different culture Repeated reproduction. Over time, reproduction became shorter, contained omissions and inaccuracies, changed to make the story more consistent with their own culture or stereotypes about the other culture.

Answer 13

Concept of a sequence of actions that usually occurs during a particular experience, e.g. going to a restaurant; paying at a store.

Answer 14

Memory can include information not actually experienced but inferred because it is expected and consistent with the schema. The constructive nature of memory can lead to errors or “false memories"

Answer 15

Process of determining origins of our memories.

Answer 16

misidentifying source of memory (source misattributions)

Answer 17

Misleading information presented after someone witnesses an event can change how that person later describes the event.

Answer 18

unconscious plagiarism of another’s work due to a lack of recognition of its original source.

Answer 19

Social hierarchy in whom we believe Making inferences based on biased beliefs Face memory worse for groups of people we do not interact with much (e.g. minoritized groups) People trust their own (and others’) memories Confidence may be increased by post-event questioning (may make memories easier to retrieve) Suggestive questioning by people who (also) may hold biases Errors due to attention and arousal (people may feel threatened by some people, e.g.; minoritized groups)