Lecture 6 - Introduction to Analyse and RCA

Question 1

The analyse phases focuses on…

Answer 1

identifying the root causes of

the problem using data

Question 2

What are you trying to find in analysing? (x4)

Answer 2

NVA
waste,
bottlenecks
constraints

Question 3

P-A-F Cost whats p, a, f

Answer 3

Prevention
Appraisal
Failure

all costs

Question 4

P-A-F Cost which is best to invest in

Answer 4

slight increases in prevention or appraisal will save significantly more from failures.

Question 5

Benifits of 5 whys? (x3)

Answer 5

simple
quick
intuitive

just dont go in circles and follow untill at route cause.

Question 6

What is Pareto Analysis?

Answer 6

all possible options (failure/accident types) are arranged in terms of their importantce and have displacy the frequency in the y-axis (typically).

Question 7

Pareto Analysis - 8 steps to constructing.

Answer 7

1. Decide problem to analysed.
2. Decide period for data collection.
3. Identify main causes / categories of problem.
4. Collect with tally sheet.
5. Tabulate the frequency of each
   & put into descending order
6. Arrange as bar chart.
7. Construct the Pareto chart.
8. Determine the cumulative percentages and construct the cumulative
   percentage curve.

MONTHLY EXPENSES EXAMPLE. LOL

Question 8

Limitations - Pareto Analysis

Answer 8

• short-period of time, from unstable process, may lead to BULL SHIT CONCLUSIONS.

• Choose weighting criteria carefully.
For example, cost may be auseful measure for prioritization than number of occurrences,
especially when the costs of various defects differ.

• Tackle items with greatest impact on customer satisfaction
Decision should not just be made on the frequency of occurrence of a defect !!!!

Question 9

what is a Concentration Diagram

Answer 9

effectively it is a mark on a diagram or example of where errors or accident happen on a floor plan. Different shapes may mean different things occurred.

Question 10

why use Concentration Diagrams

Answer 10

• Simple to collect data
• Easy to analyse
• Start point for 5 why‟s (why are people hurning themselves.. )
• Identify where to „go and see‟

Question 11

What is a Cause & Effect Analysis better know as

Answer 11

Ishikawa - fish bone analysis.

Question 12

What are the main ‘ causes of a problem’

the bones of the fish diagram? (x6)

Answer 12

6 M‟s:
– Machine, Manpower, Methods, Environment, Materials & Measurement

There may ba many sub points into each ‘Bone’ like efficiency or skill . or coast etc.

Question 13

The head of the fish is the result of all the causes so the head is effectively the…?

Answer 13

problem.. caused by the fish bones.

Question 14

Mean 𝑥 (average)

Answer 14

= sum / #

Question 15

Median

Answer 15

middle value when n sample are ordered

e.g. 3,5,5,6,7 —> median = 5

Question 16

When bell curve is reasonable middle and normal shape use mean or median?

Answer 16

the distribution is
reasonably
symmetrical use the mean

Question 17

When bell curve IS NOT middle OR normal shape use mean or median?

Answer 17

If the distribution is
skewed the
median is often preferred

Question 18

Range R (spread of numbers)

Answer 18

Max-Min = range

Question 19

Variance s^2

Answer 19

(not in the same units as data!)

= sum (𝑥−𝑥(bar))^2 / 𝑛−1

Question 20

Standard deviation

Answer 20

(same units as data!)

= sqrt (𝑠^2)