LECTURE 6 (Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus)

Question 1

Double membrane perforated with pores that control the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus.

Answer 1

Nuclear Envelope

Question 2

An extensive interconnected network of tubular cisternae is responsible for the synthesis, transport, detoxification, and initial modification of proteins and lipids.

Answer 2

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Question 3

The process by which a secretory vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases the vesicle contents to the exterior. Example: Neurotransmitters

Answer 3

Exocytosis

Question 4

Plays a key role in the initial synthesis and sorting of proteins for export and modification, and is studded with ribosomes.

Answer 4

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Question 5

The process by which molecules are brought into the cell from the exterior involves a bulging in of the plasma membrane that pinches off to form an endocytic vesicle.

Answer 5

Endocytosis

Question 6

Membranous channels and vesicles that makes up the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

Cisternae

Question 7

An organelle made up of flattened, membrane-bound compartments that modify, store, and ship products of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 7

Golgi Apparatus

Question 8

A small membrane-bound compartment that transfers substances between parts of the endomembrane system.

Answer 8

Vesicles

Question 9

Membrane-bound vesicle containing hydrolytic enzymes for the digestion of many complex molecules.

Answer 9

Lysosome

Question 10

A membrane-bound organelle found in plant cells that provide support to plant cell through maintenance of turgor pressure.

Answer 10

Central Vacuole

Question 11

Present in animal-like protists and some cells of multicellular animals, containing food particles engulf by cells.

Answer 11

Food Vacuole

Question 12

The outer limit of the cytoplasm responsible for the regulation of substances moving into and out of cells.

Answer 12

Plasma Membrane

Question 13

The three fusion of vesicle with target membrane:

Answer 13

> Vesicle contents released
Vesicle Membrane incorporated to target membrane
Vesicle membrane proteins incorporated to target membrane

Question 14

Golgi complex functions:

Answer 14

• Receives vesicles from the ER and other locations
• modifies proteins
• Sort and label items for delivery to different parts of the cell in vesicles

Question 15

In Exocytosis Vesicles move from…

Answer 15

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) > Golgi > Plasma Membrane

Question 16

An example of Exocytosis

Answer 16

Neurotransmitters

Question 17

An example of Endocytosis

Answer 17

Cholesterol (LDL type) Low-Density Lipoprotein type

Question 18

Examples of “postal codes” created by Golgi:

Answer 18

• Addition or removal of sugars to proteins (known as glycosylation/deglycosylation
• Protein phosphorylation

Question 19

A process in which some types of cells engulf bacteria or other cellular debris to break them down.

Answer 19

Phagocytosis

Question 20

Each cisterna is formed by a single membrane that surrounds an enclosed space called.

Answer 20

ER Lumen