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Pharmacology - Fall > Lecture 6 - Cholinergic Agonists > Flashcards

Lecture 6 - Cholinergic Agonists Flashcards

1
Q

Do nicotinic receptors have preganglia of symp or para?

A

Both

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2
Q

Do nicotinic receptors have postganglia of symp or para?

A

Para

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3
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors found?

A

Skeletal muscle

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4
Q

Even numbered muscarinic receptors are ____

A

Inhibitory

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5
Q

Odd numbered muscarinic receptors are _____

A

Stimulatory

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6
Q

Sweat glands are stimulated by ____ NS but most are _____ synapses

A
  • Symp

- Cholinergic

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7
Q

Do you sweat when symp system is activated?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Do you sweat when cholinergic agonists are used?

A

Yes

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9
Q

In which part of the body are sweat receptors adrenergic?

A

Palms

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10
Q

All preganglionic synapses (para and symp) are ______

A

Cholinergic

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11
Q

What is the major side effect of modulating acetylcholine?

A

Psychological effects

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12
Q

Skeletal muscle works through _____ receptors

A

Acetylcholine

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13
Q

Does acetylcholine cross the BBB as a drug?

A

No

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14
Q

What does acetylcholine activate?

A
  • All autonomic ganglia (para and symp)

- Skeletal muscle receptors

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15
Q

What type of effects does acetylcholine cause?

A

The same effects as stimulating the para system

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16
Q

Is acetylcholine used for systemic use?

A

No, it is too non-specific

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17
Q

What is acetylcholine as a drug used for?

A

Eye surgery

18
Q

What does pilocarpine have a similar effect to?

A

Acetylcholine, except pilocarpine can cross the BBB so has psychological effects

19
Q

Is acetylcholine used more often than pilocarpine?

A

No, pilocarpine is used more often because it crosses the BBB and lasts longer

20
Q

What is pilocarpine primarily used for and why?

A

Severe acute glaucoma because it causes immediate opening of drainage system of the eye

21
Q

What is the function of acetylcholinesterase?

A

Degrades acetylcholine in the synapse

22
Q

What will inhibition of acetylcholinesterase cause?

A

Increased activity of acetylcholine in the synapse

23
Q

Can acetylcholinesterase treat a disease?

A

No, only helps with symptoms

24
Q

What is myasthenia gravis?

A

Autoimmune destruction of acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junction (NMJ)

25
Q

What can help the symptoms of myasthenia gravis?

A

Drugs that increase acetylcholine activity

26
Q

What is alzheimer’s disease?

A

Decreased activity and then death of cholinergic neurons in brain

27
Q

What can help treat some symptoms of alzheimer’s disease?

A

Drugs that increase acetylcholine activity in the brain

28
Q

What are 2 examples of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

A
  • Neostigmine

- Donepazil

29
Q

What does neostigmine do?

A
  • Stimulates bladder and GI tract

- Aids symptoms of myasthenia gravis (increases muscular strength and response)

30
Q

What does donepazil do?

A

Stimulates cholinergic neurons in brain to treat symptoms of Alzheimer’s

31
Q

What is an example of a cholinergic antagonist and what does it do?

A
  • Atropine
  • Increases heart rate and blood pressure
  • Antispasmodic effects on GI tract
  • Dilates pupils
32
Q

What is scopolamine do?

A
  • Strong CNS effect

- Most effective anti-nausea drug

33
Q

What is tiotropium used in?

A

Inhaled bronchodilators

34
Q

What are some side effects of blocking cholinergic system?

A
  • “Sandy eye syndrome” and loss of near vision
  • Dry, pasty saliva
  • No gut movement and sustained acid, leading to nausea, vomiting, constipation, and pain
  • No sweat
  • Flaccid bladder and contracted sphincter
  • “No see, no spit, no pee, no shit”
35
Q

When are NMJ blockers used?

A

In surgery to decrease the amount of anesthesia needed

36
Q

What is the order of muscular paralysis?

A

1) Eyes
2) Face
3) Fingers
4) Limbs
5) Trunk
6) Diaphragm
* Recovery is opposite order

37
Q

What is the effect of NMJ blockers?

A

Paralysis

38
Q

Are NMJ blockers depolarizing?

A

Some, while others are non-depolarizing

39
Q

What is the only depolarizing NMJ blocker?

A

Succinylcholine

40
Q

What does succinylcholine do to the body?

A

Causes twitching at first, then flaccid paralysis

Pharmacology - Fall (15 decks)

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