Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Digestive System > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

List some general functions of the oral cavity

A 
Prehension
Mastication
Insalivation of food
Taste
Deglutition
Aggression and defence
Airway
Grooming
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F:

The oral mucosa consists of stratified columnar epithelial cells

A

False
Stratified squamous epithelial cells
Often keratinized
Resting on a basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F:

The lamina propria is a layer of connective tissue that contains minor salivary glands

A

False
This describes the submucosa
Lamina propria is just a layer of connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the muscular tunic and where would you find it?

A

Skeletal muscle

Found in the lips, cheek and soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In which species in the mucosa of lips keratinized?

A

Horses and ruminants

NOT carnivores or pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the muscles associated with the lips and their function

A 
Obicularis oris= encircles the mouth, closes the mouth
Caninus= used for snarling in dogs
Levator Nasolabials= raise nose and lip
Levator labii superiors= raise lip
Depressior labi inferiors= lowers lip
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which nerve innervates the muscles of the lip?

A

Cranial nerve VII (Facial nerve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe some variations of lips in a variety of species

A

Dogs/cats/camelids/sheep: plithrim to demarcate the division of the upper lip

Dog= loose with thin serrated margin

Ox= insensitive and thick, lined with buccal papillae

Horse= sensitive and mobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What forms the muscular tunic in the cheeks?

A

Buccinator muscle
Returns food from the vestibule to the oral cavity proper
Innervated by facial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F:

Cheeks mucosal epithelium may be keratinized depending on the particular area and the species

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F:

Ruminants and camelids buccal mucosa has ventrally directed conical buccal papillae

A

False

Caudally directed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a unique feature of a ruminants hard palate?

A

Possess a dental pad in the rostral portion of their hard palate
Keratinized mucosa overlying dense connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What feature of the hard palate helps to guide food caudally?

A

Ruggae

Folds of the mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the structure of the soft palate

A

Dorsal and ventral mucosa surrounding connective tissue

3 paired muscles shorten, tense and raise the palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe how each part of the tongue is attached

A 
Root= hyoid apparatus
Apex= free
Frenulum= to floor of oral cavity
Body= mandible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the bones making up the hyoid apparatus

A

Tympanic cartilate attaches it to the skull
Stylohyoid bone
Epihyoid bone
Ceratohyoid Bone
Basihyoid connects both sides
Thyrohyoid bone articulates with the thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What role does the tongue play in thermoregulation?

A

Mucosa has lots of capillaries and arteriovenous anatomoses that are involved
Panting
Heat loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Compare and contrase the mucosal epithelial on the dorsal and ventral sides of the tongue

A 
Dorsal= keratinized, thick, lots of lingual papillae
Ventral= non-keratinized
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

List the mechanical and gustatory papillae

A

Mechanical:
Filiform, conical, lentiform, marginal papillae

Chemical:
Foliate, vallate, fungiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which papillae covers most of the tongue?

A

Filiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How are filiform adapted in cats?

A

Hollow spines (cavopapillae) that wick fluids, allow deposition of saliva deep into the fur- thermoregulation, grooming

22
Q

Which papillae are you likely to find on the root of the tongue in dogs/cats/pigs?

A

Conical

found on torus in ruminants, and cheeks and lips

23
Q

Which papillae is round to ovoid in shape?

A

Lentiform

24
Q

Which papillae fits this description:

Parallel folds on lateral margin of the tongue rostral to the palatoglossal arch

A

Foliate

25
Q

T/F:

Foliate papillae are absent in omnivores

A

False

Absent in ruminants

26
Q

Which papillae is only present for a particular time in an animals life and what is its function?

A

Marginal papillae
found on margin of rostral tongue in newborn dog and pig
Aids suckling
Disappears with change from liquid to solid food

27
Q

Which is the most ventral muscle supporting the tongue in between the mandibles?

A

Mylohyoideus

28
Q

Where does geniohyodeus extend from?

A

Chin to hyoid apparatus

29
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue and what is their function?

A

Longitudinal, transverse, vertical

Protrude tongue, complex local movements

30
Q

What is the function of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Styloglossus, genioglossus
Hyoid to tongue
Act to depress, protrude or retract the tongue

31
Q

T/F:

The facial nerve innervates the intrinsic/extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

False

Hypoglossal (cranial nerve XII)

32
Q

Which cranial nerve provides somatic sensation to the tongue?

A

Rostral 2/3s= mandibular division of trigem

Caudal 1/3= glossopharyngeal (IX)

33
Q

Which cranial nerve provides taste sensation to the tongue?

A

Rostral 2/3s= facial

caudal 1/3= glossopharyngeal

34
Q

Which nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal

35
Q

Which muscles close the jaw?

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Pterygoids

36
Q

Which muscle opens the jaw?

A

Digastric

37
Q

Where does temporalis extend from?

A

Lateral surface of the cranium to the coronoid process of the mandible

38
Q

T/F:

Temporalis is large in herbivores and small in carnivores

A

False

Other way round

39
Q

Where does masster extend from?

A

Maxiallary region of skull and zygomatic arch to the caudal mandible

40
Q

What is the function of the masseter muscle?

A

Close jaw (raise mandible)
Lateral movement when contracted on one side (greater sideways movement in herbivores)
Protrudes lower jaw

41
Q

Where do the pterygoid muscles extend from?

A

Pterygopalatine region of the skull to the medial face of the mandible

42
Q

Which nerve innervates the digastricus muscle?

A

Rostral belly= mandibular division of trigeminal

Caudal belly= facial nerve

43
Q

Where does digastricus extend from?

A

Occipital bone (jugular process) to the ventral aspect of the mandible

44
Q

The articulation of which bones makes the TMJ?

A

Zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the condyloid process of the mandible

45
Q

What divides the TMJ into dorsal and ventral compartments?

A

Intra articular disc

46
Q

Briefly describe the differences in the TMJ between carnivores and herbivores

A

Herbivores: flat articular surfaces of the TMJ allow lateral to medial movement for grinding, need coordianation of pterygoids and masseter therefore these muscles are usually big

Carnivore= bony processes around the joint restrict movement to ‘hinge-like’ movement, vertical force to grasp and kill prey, temporal muscle is more important

47
Q

Where do the palatoglossal arches extend from?

A

Soft palate to body of the tongue

48
Q

What are the three parts of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

49
Q

What are the three pharyngeal muscles?

A

Dilators
Constrictors
Shorteners

50
Q

Which cranial nerves provide sensory and motor innervation to the pharynx?

A

Glossopharyngeal and vagus

Digestive System (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions