LECTURE 6 & 7 - ethics part 2

Question 1

Culture (definition)

Answer 1

Set of ideas, norms, values and social behavior of a certain group of people who associate themselves with this culture

Question 2

Cultural Theory by Mary Douglas

Answer 2

Cultural theory argues that structures of social organizations provide individuals with perceptions that reinforce those structures in competition against alternative ones

Question 3

Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions (8)

Answer 3

• Power distance
• Collectivism vs. individualism
• Uncertainty avoidance
• Femininity vs. masculinity
• Long-term orientation vs. short-term orientation
• Restraint vs. indulgence

Question 4

Different ways to reconcile cultures and ethics (3)

Answer 4

• Cultural absolutism
• Cultural relativism
• Cultural pluralism

Question 5

Cultural absolutism (definition)

Answer 5

Consider one culture to be the better culture

Question 6

Cultural relativism (definition)

Answer 6

Recognizing the equivalence of the cultures and assessing cultural norms and values from the perspective of one culture

Question 7

Cultural pluralism

Answer 7

Accepting the diversity of cultural norms and values and possible contradiction between values of different cultures

Question 8

Globalization (definition)

Answer 8

The result of fading borders

The interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods, services, technology, and flows of investment, people and information

Question 9

Advantages of globalization (4)

Answer 9

• Less trade barriers
• More cooperation
• More peace
• Better specialization

Question 10

Disadvantages of globalization (3)

Answer 10

• Fading borders for the companies (multinationals)
• More borders between people (unequality between people grows)
• Unequal access to wealth, power and income