Lecture 6 & 7 Flashcards
<p>590+ *After constantinople, people wanted "Filoque" added to creed (proceeds from father "and from the son") *Greeks misunderstood because ekopreuomenon means "Father is first origin," while Latin procedit means just proceeds *Filoque got added to Latin Creed CAUSE: Did not realize differences in language</p>
<p>Filoque Controversy</p>
“Father is first origin”
*Greek
Ekporeuomenon
“proceeds in any way”
*Latin
Procedit
Greek equivalent to Procedit
Used by St. Cyril of Alexandria
Proion
- pope from 795-816
* Did not want Filoque added to Creed (had text engraved on silver tablets without Filoque)
Pope Leo III
- Wrote Holy Spirit proion from Father and Son in Filoque controversy
- Refuted Nestorianism, but said Jesus had one physis (later refuted)
St. Cyril of Alexandria
likens Trinity to human soul, but is too focused on unity
*St. Augustine: “mind, self-knowledge, & self love” “Memory, understanding, will”
Psychological analogies for Trinity
Uses social comparisons for Trinity, but too focused on distinction
*St. Gregory of Nyssa: “Peter, Paul, & Timothy”
Social analogies for Trinity
Used social analogy of “Peter, Paul, & Timothy”
St. Gregory of Nyssa
used psychological analogies of “mind, self-knowledge, & self love” “Memory, understanding, will”
St. Augustine
Heresy; “Jesus only appeared human. Like gnosticism because they do not believe Jesus would take “evil” material body
*Rejected by 1 John and Irenaeus in letter about gnosticism
Docetism
<p>Heresy; "Jesus Christ did not have human soul, just body"</p>
<p>*started in 4th century when he mistook Athenasius not mentioning Jesus's human soul to mean a lack of one</p>
<p>*refuted at Constantinople I and later denied by Athanasius</p>
<p>Apollonarianismby Appollonaris</p>
Helped refute Docetism in letter about gnosticism
Irenaeus
<p>heresy; J.C. had two physeis & two hypostasis united as one "prosopon". They are a mixture that played same character*refuted by Cyril of Alexandria (but he also said only 1 physis=wrong) and Council of Ephesus</p>
<p>L4th-E5th century</p>
<p>Nestorianismstarted by Nestorius</p>
Mary is “God-bearer” denied by Nestorius, affirmed at Ephesus
Theotokos
“Character/theater (two mask)/”persona”
prosopon
“God suffered” because he took on humanity and is one hypostasis
Theopaschite
Both Nestorius & Cyril of Alexndria thought hypostasis had to equal physis
problem with “hypostasis=physis+idiomata”
council; 451
refuted miaphysitism - “Christ is to be acknowledged in two physeis without confusion, change, division, or separation with distinction of physis united in one hypostasis”
Council of Chalcedon
<p>did not catch on:</p>
<p>1. two phsyeis clause went against what Cyril normally said</p>
<p>2. Thought hypostasis & physeis were equal, so 2 cannot equal 1</p>
<p>3. St. Leo I's "The Tome" sent to Chalcedon sounds like Nestorianism (but is not)</p>
<p>4. Nestorians liked outcome</p>
<p>Results of council of Chalcedon & public response</p>
JC is one divine hypostasis with a human hypostasis enhypostasized in that hypostasis
*Leontius of Jerusalem
Hypostatic Union
(390-461)
sent “the Tome’ to Chalcedon that was mistaken by some as Nestorian, but meant that both physeis were the same hypostasis
Pope Leo I
wrote during 530-540
- physeis = what’s common to a type
- hypostasis = concrete & individual being
- Can’t have physeis without hypostasis, but human physeis does not need human hypostasis. Can be enhypostasized in divine hypostasis (hypostatic union)
Leonitus of Jerusalem
<p>*physeis = what's common to a type *hypostasis = concrete & individual being</p>
<p>New definitions of physeis & hypostasis by Leonitus of Jerusalem</p>
“one nature”
from Cyril view of one physis
miaphysitism/monophysitism
<p>New definitions of physeis & hypostasis by Leonitus of Jerusalem</p>
<p>*physeis = what's common to a type *hypostasis = concrete & individual being</p>
What council of Chalcedon meant
- Cyril and Leo I both said substances are the same
- We acknowledge JC is Human and divine, but we see distinction not separation
- union of hypostasis, not side by side
