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Structurally Related Disorders SLP > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: A nasal air pressure study in infants 2-6 months found that typical kids are able to elevate the velum.

A

True

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2
Q

Describe the characteristics of VP closure in typical kids:

A
  • VP open for windups, wimpers and laughs but VP closed for cries, screams and rasberries at all ages
  • Freq. of VP closure increases with age but is still a work in progress at 6 months
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3
Q

VP function doesn’t develop in ________. It is something built in but hard to acquire if you don’t have it early.

A

cleft palate

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4
Q

Describe the normal development of articulators:

A
  • initially too poor coordination/ large a tongue for speech
  • very first contoid sounds are often glottal VP sphincter develops over time
  • at 6 mnths coordination improves and vocal tract lengthens, VP function for syallables
  • emerging consonants are mostly labial, labiodental and alveolar; develop from front to back
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5
Q

Very first contoid sounds are often _______. The VP sphincter develops over time

A

glottal

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6
Q

Emerging consonants are mostly ______, _________ and ________ ; develop from ______

A

labial, labiodental and alveolar

front to back

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7
Q

List the early 8 consonants:

A

/m/, /b/, /j/, /n/, /w/, /d/, /p/, /h/

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8
Q

List the middle 8 consonants:

A

/t/, /ŋ/, /k/, /g/, /f/, /v/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/

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9
Q

List the late 8 consonants:

A

/ʃ/, /θ/, /ð/, /s/, /z/, /l/, /r/, /ʒ/

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10
Q

T or F: In babies with CLP and VP dysfunction contoids develop from front to back.

A

False

  • Front to back in typical kids
  • Back to front in CLP
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11
Q

List the 4 processes in CLP artic disorders:

A

1) omission
2) Distortion
3) Substitutions within the phonological system
4) Compensatory substitutions

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12
Q

_______ involves leaving the sound out

A

omission

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13
Q

Distortions can be either ______ or ______

A

passive or obligatory

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14
Q

What is the difference b/w substitutions within the phonological system and compensatory substitutions?

A

Depends on the language.
In substitutions within the phonological system the sound is part of the phonological system. In compensatory substitutions the sound isn’t part of that language.

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15
Q

T or F: It is difficult to hear sounds in a language you aren’t familliar with

A

true

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16
Q

Describe Trost-Cardamone’s classification system of speech errors:

A

Category 1 = obligatory errors – > physical management

Category 2 = compensatory errors –> Speech therapy

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17
Q

VP insufficiency and oronasal fistula are _______ errors = _______ treated with ________

A

category 1 = obligatory (passive) errors

- treated with physical mangagement

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18
Q

Speech mislearning is a _______ error= _______ treated with ________

A

categroy 2 = compensatory (active)

- treated with speech therapy

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19
Q

What are characteristics of compensatory errors in articulation:

A

1) maladaptive placement (often correct manner)
2) backed articulation
3) learned strategies
4) adaptation to insufficient VP closure

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20
Q

Compensatory errors are _______

A

active

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21
Q

Obligatory errors are _________

A

passive

22
Q

The #1 characterization of CLP speech and the gateway drug to other compensatory errors is the ______

A

glottal stop

23
Q

Why would glottal double articulation occur?

A

Active articulation/ compensatory error. The child has had therapy to produce the new sound but hasn’t stopped producing the glottal stop.

24
Q

What sounds involves the back of the tongue moving to the posterior pharyngeal wall?

A

Pharyngeal voiced and voiceless plosives

Pharyngeal voiced and voiceless fricatives

25
Q

Epiglottal fricative:

A

turbulance just below velum

26
Q

What is the difference b/w the posterior nasal fricative and nasal fricative?

A

Posterior nasal fricative has turbulence at VP sphincter and nasal emission
Nasal fricative has nasal emission but no turbulence at VP sphincter

27
Q

How could you identify a voiced or voiceless palatal plosives?

A

Listen for front plosive first than back plosive. Neither should sound correct

28
Q

Voiced an voiceless uvular plosive:

A

Tongue goes to uvula

29
Q

Why might a voiceless bilabial fricative occur?

A

in an underbite ( class 3 occlusion)

30
Q

/ʔ/

A

glottal stop

31
Q

/ʕ/ and /ħ/

A

Voiced and voiceless pharyngeal fricative

32
Q

/H/

A

Epiglottal fricative

33
Q

/triangle shape/

A

posterior nasal fricative

34
Q

/ñ̥/

A

nasal fricative

35
Q

/ɸ/

A

bilabial fricative

36
Q

/q/ and /G/

A

voiceless and voiced uvular plosive

37
Q

/c/

A

palatal plosive

38
Q

T or F: Children with CLP around the world produce the same types of substitutions

A

True

39
Q

Describe Warren’s regulation/ control theory of VPI

A

Pressure loss in the articulatory tract is compensated iwth an increase of airflow which puts the patient at risk for a voice disorder.

40
Q

T or F: Prevalence for voice disorders in CLP shows that patients with CLP usually also have a voice disorder

A

False

- very variable findings, CLP does not mean you have a voice disorder

41
Q

What do you treat first voice or resonance?

A

keep both in mind

42
Q

List 4 elements of perceptual assessment:

A

1) Obtain adequate speech sample
2) Analysis of speech sample
3) Correlation of the speech findings to oro-facial structures
4) Interpretation of clinical data

43
Q

List 6 ways of eliciting articulatory profiles:

A

1) Artic testing
2) oro-nasal transition
3) Oral sentences
4) Nasal sentences
5) Low pressure consonants
6) Conversational speech

44
Q

Oro-nasal transition looks at ____ to assess ______

A

hamper

nasal turbulance and coordination

45
Q

Oral sentences include the ______ and assess______

A

zoo passage

hypernasality

46
Q

Nasal sentences include the ______ and assess______

A

nasal sentences

hyponasality

47
Q

Low pressure consonants (eg. _________) assess______

A

” We were away”

Differentiation of hypernasality and nasal turbulence

48
Q

Iowa pressure articulation test identifies _____

A

VP dysfunction

49
Q

Bzoch Error Patterns Diagnostic Articulation Test identifies _______

A

compensatory articulations

- error types are mor important than test scores

50
Q

To assess and compare speech outcomes in CLP
The UK developed . . .
The US developed . . .

A

UK - GOS.SP.ASS ‘98 and Cleft Palate Audit

US- MIDCD group

Structurally Related Disorders SLP (7 decks)

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