Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Structurally Related Disorders SLP > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of velopharyngeal valving?

A

1) Ventilation of the middle ear
2) Regulation of oral-nasal airflow
3) Prevention of nasal regurgitation
4) Prevent pre-deglutative aspiration
5) Contributes to bolus propulsion during swallowing
6) Oral-nasal balance for speech articulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When we do laryngoscopy we put the scope through the inferior nasal meatus, to see velopharyngeal action we go through the ____________

A

middle nasal meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The hard palate begins at the end of the _______ and continues to the _______

A

alveolar ridge

Velum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The hard palate is made up of the ________ bone and the _________ bone

A

palatine process of the maxillary bone

Horizontal part of the palatine bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The _______ primary function is to open the eustachian tube. It’s secondary function is the lateral stretch of the velum.

A

tensor veli palatini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The ____ is the most important elevator of the velum (pulls up and back)

A

Levator veli palatini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The ____ forms the anterior faucial pillar. It lowers the soft palate when the tongue is stable.

A

Palatoglossus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The ____ forms the posterior faucial pillar. It narrows the nasopharynx and lowers the soft palate.

A

Palatopharyngeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The _____ wraps around posteriorly and constricts the pharyngeal lumen in the upper pharynx.

A

Superior pharyngeal constrictor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The ____ is superiorly attached to the sphenoid bone and the lateral cartilage of the eustachian tube. Inferiorly it fans out and forms the palatine aponeurosis.

A

Tensor veli palatini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The ________ goes down and around the hamulus pterygoideus which changes its direction of pull from vertical to horizontal.

A

Tensor Veli Palatini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The Tensor veli palatini is innervated by ____

A

CN V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T or F: The Tensor Veli Palatini is the sole elevator of the velum

A

False- Levator veli palatini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The _______ forms the levator sling inferiorly and is attached to the temporal bone and the medial cartilage of the Eustachian tube superiorly

A

Levator Veli palatini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the primary and secondary function of the Levator Veli palatini?

A 
primary = raise velum
secondary = ET opening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The Levator veli palatini is innervated by ___

A

pharyngeal plexus (pharyngeal branch of vagus and glossopharyngeus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The ______ attaches to the oral surface of the palatine aponeurosis superiorly and the lateral posterior dorsum of the tongue inferiorly.

A

Palatoglossus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of the palatoglossus?

A
  • lower the velum
  • dorsal elevation of the tongue
  • anterior faucial arch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T or F: The palatoglossus is innervated by the CN V

A

False -by pharyngeal plexus (pharyngeal branch of vagus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The palatopharyngeus attaches superiorly to the _______ and inferiorly to _________

A

palatine aponeurosis

lateral pharyngeal wall and posterior thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of the palatopharyngeus?

A
  • medial displacement of the lateral pharyngeal walls
  • lowering velum
  • forms posterior/ second faucial arch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The palatopharyngeus is innervated by ______

A

pharyngeal plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the pharyngeal plexus?

A

A network of intersecting nerve fibers composed of branches of CN IX and CN X
- and some argue Cranial portion of CN XI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The function of the superior constrictor? Innervation?

A 
pharyngeal narrowing (naso and upper oropharyngeal segment)
Pharyngeal plexus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

______ orginates from the pterygoid plate and the lateral fringe of the velum and runs along the pharyngeal walls to the median pharyngeal raphe.

A

Superior Constrictor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

______ is a muscle pair which runs parallel to the velar midline into the mucous membrane of the uvula

A

Musculi Uvulae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the function of the musculi uvulae?

Innervated by?

A
  • intrinsic flexion and shortening of the velum
  • forms velar eminence (seen in men)
    Pharyngeal plexus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

T or F: The musucli uvulae is commonly absent or minuscule in cleft palate

A

True

29
Q

The _______ origninates from the ET and inserts into the posterior aspect of the palatopharyngeus muscle.

A

Salpingopharyngeus

30
Q

What is the function of the salpingopharyngeus?

Innervated by?

A
  • Raising of pharynx and larynx
  • ET opening
    Pharyngeal plexus
31
Q

T or F: The Salpingopharyngeus is always present

A

False - may or may not have one

32
Q

List the 7 velopharyngeal muscles

A

1) Tensor veli palatini
2) Levator veli palatini
3) Palatoglossus
4) Palatopharyngeus
5) Superior pharyngeal constrictor
6) Musculi Uvulae
7) Salpingopharyngeus

33
Q

What is the Cave vagus reflex?

A

During transnasal and transoral endoscopy, overexcitation of the plexus pharyngeus may lead to tachycardia, tachypnoe and even HEART ARREST

34
Q

T or F: Velopharyngeal closure is a continuum

A

True

35
Q

The male nasopharynx is larger and wider than females. As a consequence males need to elevate the velum higher and more posteriorly. What provides the extra elevation needed to close off a deep nasopharynx??

A

Musculi Uvulae (forms velar eminence - visible as a knee)

36
Q

A child needs less movement in order to acheive velopharyngeal closure. Why?

A
  • nasopharynx is small and narrow

- adenoid pad on posterior pharyngeal wall is very large (gets stretched out as we grow)

37
Q

List the 4 velopharyngeal closure patterns:

A

1) Coronal
2) Sagittal
3) Circular
4) Circular with Passavant’s ridge

38
Q

The ______ closure pattern uses mainly velar elevation.

A

coronal

39
Q

The ______ closure pattern involves the lateral pharyngeal walls moving towards the midline.

A

Sagittal

40
Q

The ______ closure pattern involves combined velar elevation and lateral wall approximation.

A

Circular

41
Q

The ______ closure pattern involves combined velar elevation and lateral wall approximation and increased activity of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle to support VP closure.

A

Circular with passavants ridge

42
Q

Which closure pattern is only seen in people with cleft palate?

A

Circular with passavant’s ridge

- deviation due to musucle attempt to close the velopharyngeal sphincter.

43
Q

How is a passavant’s ridge formed?

A

Isolated contraction of a hypertrophic segment of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

44
Q

T or F: Hyponasality has airflow through the nasal cavity

A

false - hypernasality

45
Q

List the 4 resonance disorders:

A

1) Hypernasality (functional and organic)
2) Hyponasality (functional-rare and organic)
3) Mixed Nasality (cul de sac)
4) Alternating nasality

46
Q

2 associated symptoms of resonance disorders are:

A
  • Nasal emission

- Nasal turbulance

47
Q

List the 3 levels of analysis for VP function:

A

1) morphological
2) Functional analysis
3) Perceptual and acoustic analysis

48
Q

There are ______ and ______ methods of inspection of morphological and functional analysis

A

direct and indirect

49
Q

List the direct methods of inspection:

A

1) direct visual inspection
2) endoscopy (flexible or rigid)
3) multiview videofluoroscopy
4) MRI

50
Q

List the indirect methods of inspection:

A

1) Tongue anchor technique
2) mirror test
3) Gutzmann’s I-a-test
4) Aerodynamic measurements
5) EMG
6) Haskins Velotrace

51
Q

The most common way to look at VP function is ____

A

flexible endoscope (Direct method)

52
Q

The multiview fluoroscopy is a _____ method of inspection. The three views are _______ , _______ and ______.

A

direct method

sagittal, frontal and base

53
Q

Golding- Kushner et al. developed a way of standardizing the reporting of _________ and _________. You are supposed to actually measure but most people estimate.

A

nasopharyngoscopy and multiview videofluoroscopy

54
Q

Air flow measurements are an _____ method of inspection.

A

indirect

55
Q

Describe tongue anchor technique

A

stick out tongue and puff cheeks. If you can’t breath through nose VP closure. Indirect method.

56
Q

Describe Gutamann’s I-a-test:

A
  • Have the patient say [i} and [a].
  • Normal VP closure means no difference when you plug the nose.
  • Can be used to help differentiate b/w hypo and hyper nasal
  • Indirect method
57
Q

Describe the mirror test:

A

See if mirror fogs during oral speech. Indirect method.

58
Q

Describe aerodynamic measures:

A

Indirect method. Pressure-flow estimation of velopharyngeal orifice area.

59
Q

After morphological and functional analysis is _______

A

perceptual and acoustic analysis

60
Q

Nasalance =

A

(nasal SPL / Oral + Nasal SPL) x 100

61
Q

Acoustic analysis could involve . . .

A 
nasometer
oronasal system (aka speech tutor)
62
Q

What are suggested materials for nasalance measuresments:

A
  • The Zoo Passage (non-nasal reading passage)

- The Nasal Sentences (lots of nasals)

63
Q

The Zoo Passage assesses __________. The Nasal Sentences assess _________.

A
  • Extent of hypernasality

- Extent of hyponasality

64
Q

The Zoo passage contains _____ nasal phonemes. Rainbow Passage contains ___% nasal phonemes while the Nasal Sentences contain ___ % nasal phonemes.

A

0
11.5%
35%

65
Q

T or F: Hypernasality is visible on a spectrogram

A

True - nasal extraresonanzen at 700Hz

66
Q

Otitis medias is common in all cleft palate. One study found fluid in the middle ear of ___% of cleft patients.

A

90%

67
Q

Why might otitis media and the eustachian tube and be implicated in cleft?

A

Overlap in palatal muscles?

68
Q

Four therapies for Otitis media:

A

Antibiotics
Syringotomy
Myringotomy
Palatoplasty (indirect effect)

Structurally Related Disorders SLP (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions