Lecture 6 Flashcards
Which of the following phrases are parts of the definition of concentration (multiple answers possible)?
A being aware of the situation
B shifting attentional focus
C maintaining attentional focusing over time
D focusing on relevant cues and ignoring irrelevant cues.
All phrases are good, together they form the definition of concentration.
True or false: Nideffer distinguishes two dimensions of attentional focus: broad vs. narrow and direct vs. indirect.
False, Nideffer distinguishes the following two dimensions:
- direction: internal - external
- width: broad - narrow
Mindfulness is an example of Nideffers [dimension of focus].
Internal attention: focus is inward internal process as thoughts, emotions and feelings.
Taking a breath to relax is an example which form of attentional styles? A internal-narrow B external-narrow C internal-broad D external-broad
A internal narrow
Goalie (keeper) assessing in the field is an example which form of attentional styles? A internal-narrow B external-narrow C internal-broad D external-broad
D external-broad
Making up a strategy for the next competition is an example which form of attentional styles? A internal-narrow B external-narrow C internal-broad D external-broad
C internal-broad
Keeping a ball in the air with your foot is an example which form of attentional styles? A internal-narrow B external-narrow C internal-broad D external-broad
B external-narrow
A […..] is characterized by:
- being absorbed in the present and not in the past or the future;
- being mentally relaxed and have a high degree of concentration;
- extraordinary awareness of body and enviroment.
Peak performance (Jackson & Csikszentmihalyi, 1999)
True or false: attentional control is a discriminating factor between succesful and less sucessful athletes.
True
True or false: fatigue is an internal distraction.
True
What are the three forms of self-talk that are displayed in the following case?
Percy Jackson is about to be roasted by a chimera, the son of Echidna. He is stung by the poisonous tail of the monster. He tells himself that he shouldn’t leave the mortals behind with the monster, he is a coward if he dous. But he is so tired, he feels the poison spreading in his body. He tells himself to keep going, to not give up. “I can do this” he says. “I will just jump into the water, that will heal me.” He looks over the edge and says to himself: “Just bend your knees and jump.”
- positive self talk: “I can do this”
- instructional self talk: “just bend your knees and jump into the water”
- negative self talk: he tells himself he is (acting like) a coward if he leaves the mortals behind.
When Percy talks himself into jumping of the Gateway Arch in Missouri, he says: I can do this, I can do this, I can do this, I am a good swimmer, I will jump and swim to the surface and then I will be alright.”
Name the six rules for improving self-talk (Mikes, 1987).
Let op: Mikes zegt dat het juist wel in de eerste persoon moet.
- keep it short and specific
- use the first person and present tense
- construct positive phrases
- say phrases with meaning and attention
- speak kindly to yourself
- repeat the phrase often.
True or false: for enhancing concentration during practice and competition it is helpful for a athlete to evaluate his/her performance as good or bad.
False, this will trigger generalizing. When an athlete evaluates his/her performance, it is best to evaluate it constructively: ‘what should I do different?’
Name three internal distracters.
- past performances and events (certainly regarding mistakes and loss)
- future performances and events (what if…?)
- overanalyzing body mechanics and movements
- fatigue
- inadequate motivation (whatever this may be?)
True or false: choking under stress is a process that leads to poor performance.
True
