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Bacterial Pathogenesis > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

How can you classify the stage of an endosome?

A

Markers on the outside

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2
Q

What is a common marker of the early endosome?

A

Rab5

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3
Q

What is a common marker of the late endosome?

A

Rab7

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4
Q

What is a common marker of the lysosome?

A

LAMP1

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5
Q

What size particle will be taken up by phagocytosis?

A

Anything >0.2µm

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6
Q

What are the stages of phagolysosome maturation?

A
  1. Fusion with early endosome
  2. Fusion with multivesicular body to form intermediate
  3. Fusion with late endosome
  4. Fusion with lysosome to form phagolysosome and degrade phagocystised particle
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7
Q

What is the main benefit to intracellular lifestyle?

A

Avoid the immune system

Nutrious environment

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8
Q

How does Mycobacterium tuberculosis modulate phagosome maturation?

A

Inhibits maturation past the early endosome

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9
Q

How does Legionella pneumophila modulate phagosome maturation?

A

Converts ints endosome its endoplasmic reticulumk by recruiting ribosomes to the surface - protecting itself from maturation to the lysosome

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10
Q

How does Listeria monomytogenes modulate phagosome maturation?

A

Degrades early endosome membrane using phospholipases

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11
Q

How does Coxiella burnetti modulate phagosome maturation?

A

Delays maturation of the endosome

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12
Q

What are the three main ways to avoid lysosomal breakdown?

A
  • Inhibit maturation of endosome to lysosome
  • Remove yourself from the degradative compartment, convert it to ER for example Legionella
  • Escape into the cytosol
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13
Q

What bacteria was recently shown to have persistance by phagocytosis?

A

Salmonella phagocytised into macrophages

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14
Q

What is essential for Salmonella’s ability to persist?

A

Acidic pH

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15
Q

How do bacteria maintain their vacuolar compartments?

A
  • Cytoskeletal recruitment
  • Cholesterol modulation
  • Secreted microbial factors
  • Selective fusion with host vesicular traffic
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16
Q

How does Salmonella use its Type III secretory system?

A
  • Type III secretory system on SPI1 used to inject cell with proteins to cause phagocytosis
17
Q

How are proteins secreted through a Type III system?

A

Chaperone proteins bring folded proteins to the T3S system and an ATPase provides energy to unfold the protein and pass it through the needle as a pirece of string

18
Q

Which part of the protein is involved in targetting to the T3S system?

A

The N-terminus

Shown by Sory, truncated protein will still be passed through the system as long as has last 50 residues on N terminus

19
Q

How do bacteria ensure enough chaperone is being made?

A

Often encoded directyl beside the virulence proteins that need to be secreted

20
Q

What type of pathogen is Chalymdia?

A

An obligate pathogen - cannot live outside of the host cell and is dependent on host cell products to survive

21
Q

Outline the life cycle of Chlamydia

A
  • Infectious elementary body enters cells
  • EB differentiates to a reticulate body
  • This RB can then then become dormant in the persistent form or associate with the inclusion membrane to release proteins into cell
  • RB to EB differntiation
  • EB accumulation and then exocytosis
22
Q

Why can Chlamydia not be genetically modified?

A

Always inside the host cell

Cannot grow in LB broth

23
Q

How was it possible to add penicilin gene into Chlamydia?

A

Fused the E.coli and chlamydia plasmids together inferring the resistance

24
Q

What does SopB do?

A

Manipulates the phophoinostides to alter the endosomal membrane

25
Q

What is the role of spvC of salmonella?

A

Phosphothreonine Lyase

Removing the phosphate and oxygen group from phosphorylated threonine

Inhibits MAPK and hence inhibits phosphorylation of Erk - decreasing potency of the lysosomes

26
Q

What are the five T3S virulence stratergies?

A
  1. Colonisation
  2. Invasion
  3. Cytotoxicity
  4. Immunity
  5. TJ disruption

Bacterial Pathogenesis (9 decks)

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