Lecture 6 : 1848 onward: uprisings, revolution and counter-revolution Flashcards
Portugal and Spain => Civil wars =>
constitutions:
– Portugal: 1842.
– Spain: 1845.
What did the liberals asked for in Eastern Europe ?
– Equality before the law, – Free press, – Freedom of association. – Trial in public and by jury. – Representative institutions.
Second French Republic
February 1848
Decisions made by Second French Republic
– Taxes.
– National workshops.
– A limited workday.
– The “Luxembourg Commission”.
closure of the National Workshops. and 1,500 killed and 4,000 deported and thousands to prison.
May-June 1848
presidential election in France
November 1848
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte largely elected president of the Second Republic.
December 10 1848
dissolution of the Assembly + new constitution.
10,000 into exile
December 2, 1851
December 1848 the Basic Rights of the German People
– Equality before the law and for the Jews.
– Freedom of speech, assembly and religion.
– Right to private property.
– No more seigneurial obligations.
Why did the revolts broke out in 1848 ?
Because legal an parliamentary movements for change were frustrated
Where revolutions where avoided and why ?
In Great Britain, Netherlands, Belgium who made concessions, or Russia where it was non existent
What did nobilities and middle classes were asking for ?
Constitutional and representative instead of arbitrary and bureaucratic government
What was the legislation implemented by the Luxembourg Commission ?
- shorter hours
- minimum wage
- protection of some trades against competitions
From where did Napoléon III receive his suffrage ?
from the rural and urban masses who had felt left apart since 1815 and abandoned by royalist and republicans
Why does Louis 16 let the republicans declare war ?
Because he thought that would strengthen the population to rally him
