lecture 6 Flashcards
what does the somatic system do/mean
Skeletal voluntary muscle
1. sensory system (provide sensory organs to brain: eyes, ear, nostril…)
2. motor system (talks to skeletal voluntary muscle)
3 ways a uterus (a smooth muscle) contracts involuntary
- through menstruation
- during birth process/pregnancy
- during orgasm
For both the Sensory and Motor systems… axons travel through ___ except for senses and muscles in the ____
spinal cord
head/cranium
what does the autonomic system do/mean
(“involuntary” system). Regulates functions of internal organs
1. parasympathetic: conserves energy (“rest and digest”, homeostasis)
- signals originate in vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve 10)
2. sympathetic: expends energy (“fight or flight”, needed in emergency)
- signals originate in the hypothalamus
different directional terms
horizontal plane: ——
sagittal plane: I
coronal/frontal plane: sliced from front
what to know about hindbrain
- spinal cord at the bottom
- medulla: above spinal cord and involved in regulation of body maintenance
- pons: above medulla
- cerebellum: involved in movement control
what to know about the midbrain
Superior and Inferior Colliculus: routes for low-level (probably subconscious) sensory information
what to know about the forebrain
- cerebral cortex - contains the soma of neurons (grey matter)
- subcortical structures
- thalamus: on both sides of brain, involved in relaying sensory info from sensory organs to the cortex
- hypothalamus: hypo = below
- pituitary gland: receives signal from hypothalamus
what are the functions of hypothalamus
- where Autonomic (Sympathetic) System originates
- lets you know about feeding, drinking, and sexual behaviors
- secretion of hormones
what is not considered to be part of hindbrain, midbrain, hindbrain
the brain stem
what to know about cerebral cortex
grey matter (soma) and white matter (axons)
corpus callosum (largest commissure in brain) connects the two hemispheres
what are the 4 lobes of the brain?
Occipital: processes vision
Parietal: somatosensory cortex
Temporal: auditory cortex , Wernicke’s area
Frontal: motor cortex, Broca’s area, prefrontal cortex (executive functioning)
whats the spinal cords function
allows communication between brain and parts of the PNS below the neck.
what are the 3 ways you could stop breathing?
- lesion at or above C3
- damage to Medullary Respiratory Center in Medulla, while you are unconscious
- drugs that are antagonists of the Ach system at the neural-muscular junction in the diaphragm
How many cranial nerves are there and What are the major divisions?
12 cranial nerves and Sensory, Motor, Motor & Sensory, Vagus
Why is the vagus nerve special?
part of the “parasympathetic” system that projects to (and receives from) many organs in the body
(e.g., heart, digestive system, lungs)
