lecture 5

Question 1

what is modularity

Answer 1

different brain areas subserve different functions

Question 2

what is phrenology and who came up with it

Answer 2

the bumps on skull all had a characteristic/trait assigned to it Franz Gall

Question 3

what does it mean if you have a stroke in the left hemisphere

Answer 3

trouble with language comprehension and production

Question 4

what does it mean if you have a stroke in the right hemisphere

Answer 4

trouble with prosody

Question 5

Who was Wilder Penfield

Answer 5

a neurosurgeon who did experiments by getting stimulating electrode and stimulated neurons in the motor cortex of the brain and saw what certain areas certain limbs would move bc of stimulation

Question 6

What are the three ways to study the brain?

Answer 6

1. Neuroanatomy
2. Neural Function
3. Perceptual/Behavioral Experiments

Question 7

what is neuroanatomy

Answer 7

can image different structures in postmortem brain AND living brain

Question 8

how can you image structures in postmortem brain?

Answer 8

freeze (or embed in a wax)
slice (with a microtome)
stain cell bodies (e.g., with cresyl violet)

Question 9

how can you image structures in living brain

Answer 9

1. CT scan, Computerized Tomography (an X-ray of the brain)
2. Magnetic Resonance Imaging: external magnet aligns the axis of electrically-charged atoms… if part of the brain is dense it has longer relaxation time

Question 10

what to know about neural function

Answer 10

A.
1. Neurophysiological Response Properties
- Single Neuron neurophysiology: recording response properties one neuron at a time using recording electrodes to measure Action Potentials

2. Many Neuron brain response:
   “Neural Imaging Techniques”

B.
1. Discreet Lesions
2. Microstimulation

Question 11

what to know about perceptual/behavioral experiments

Answer 11

can tell us about modularity in the brain