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Biochem Exam 1 > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

anti-bacterial

A

amylases, cystains, histains, mucins, peroxidases

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2
Q

buffering

A

carbonic anhydrases, histains

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3
Q

digestion

A

amylases, mucins

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4
Q

mineralization

A

cystains, histains, proline-rich proteins, statherins

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5
Q

lubrication and viscoelasticity

A

mucins, statherins

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6
Q

tissue coating

A

amylases, cystains, mucine, proline-rich proteins, statherins

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7
Q

anti-fungal

A

histains

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8
Q

anti-viral

A

cystatins, mucins

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9
Q

properties of mucin that contribute to saliva

A

large size, viscosity, contain lots of glycosylation, provides barrier against pathogens

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10
Q

shear rate

A

saliva being moved back and forth by force

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11
Q

lower shear rate

A

when saliva is at rest, more viscous, good for coating surfaces

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12
Q

higher shear rate

A

when saliva is moving, like in chewing, becomes less viscous and becomes good for moving/dissolving food

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13
Q

netonian fluid

A

a fluid whose viscosity is constant, even when flowing

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14
Q

non-newtonian fluids

A

a fluid whose viscosity changes when applied forces change

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15
Q

shear thinning

A

viscosity decreases when force is applied to the fluid

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16
Q

xerostomia

A

lack of saliva production, caused by aging, medications, diseases, drug abuse, or radiotherapy

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17
Q

saliva orthana

A

mucin-based saliva substitute, behaves like a newtonian fluid, not like natural saliva (non-newtonian fluid)

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18
Q

carboxymethyl cellulose

A

what many commercial saliva substitutes are made of, chemically modified form of cellulose. behaves as a newtonian fluid but is good for lubrication

19
Q

classical and contemporary reasons for sub-cellular fractionation

A

yield, activity, specific activity

20
Q

differential centrifugation

A

cells are distributed in a homogenizer and the resulting mixture, called the homogenate, is centrifuged in a step-by-step fashion of centrifugal force

21
Q

size based separations: dialysis

A

protein molecules are retained in the dialysis bag whereas small molecules diffuse into the surrounding medium

22
Q

size based separations: centrifugal concentrators

A

centrifugal force pushes solution through a membrane with size selective pores. useful for concentrating, desalting proteins

23
Q

size based separations: gel filtration chromatogrophy

A

higher resolution separation than dialysis, smaller proteins experience a higher mobile phase volume becaues they are able to enter pores of the stationary phase beads

24
Q

gel filtration chromatography resolution

A

depends on factors including bead diameter, pore size, salt concentration, column volume, and flow rate

25
Q

pH>pI

A

protein will be negatively charged

26
Q

pH<pI

A

protein will be positively charged

27
Q

cation exchange

A

positive charged proteins will bind to it because it is a negative molecule

28
Q

anion exchange

A

negatively charged proteins will bind to it because it is a positive molecule

29
Q

ion exchange chromatography

A

select buffer that is in between the two isoelectric points of the proteins that are trying to be seperated

30
Q

cation exchange in ion exchange chromatography

A

positively charged proteins will bind to the column, negatively charged proteins will pass through

31
Q

anion exchange in ion exchange chromatography

A

negatively charged proteins will bind to the column, positively charged ones will pass through

32
Q

separation of hemoglobin

A

changing the pH of the buffer will separate hemoglobin chains

33
Q

affinity chromatography using antibodies

A

can purify protein in one step, challenge with this is having a good enough antibody–> producing/identifying an antibody that will only attract the target protein

34
Q

SDS-PAGE

A

positively charged electrode (at the bottom) will pull proteins through the gel, small proteins will move faster, traveling further down the gel

35
Q

isoelectric focusing

A

uses gradient of pH–> negative proteins will travel to anode (positive charge) and positive proteins will travel to cathode (negative charge). proteins will migrate to their isoelectric pH, the location where they have no net charge

36
Q

high performance liquid chromatography

A

a pumping system that pushes solvent through a column packed with small beads (approx. 5 microns)
- chromatographic resolution increases as the size of the chromatographic beads decreases
- the pressure required to push the solvent (mobile phase) through the packed beads increases as their size decreases

37
Q

reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography

A

useful means of separating proteolytic peptides using a gradient from low to high percent organic–> helpful for separating intact proteins for structural studies

38
Q

proteomics

A
  • measurements of the proteins in a biological sample
  • to map protein molecules more precisely in molecular composition across space through time
39
Q

genomics

A

organismal study of patterns of gene expression related to disease and developmental processes

40
Q

human genome project

A

all human genes sequenced, approx. 20k human genes

41
Q

functional genomics

A

effort to make use of the vast wealth of data from the various genomics projects to understand gene and protein functions and interactions
- focuses on dynamic aspects of gene transcription, translation, and protein-protein interaction

42
Q

glycomics

A

study of glycosylation of proteins and lipids on an organismal scale

43
Q

metabolomics

A

study of the patterns of small molecule metabolites expressed in a biological system

Biochem Exam 1 (7 decks)

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