lecture 6

Question 1

the modal model

Question 2

passage of information from STM to LTM require

Answer 2

-rehearsal/practice
-consolidation

Question 3

types of rehearsal

Answer 3

-maintenance rehearsal
-elaborative rehearsal

Question 4

maintenance rehearsal

Answer 4

involves repeating information (out loud or in your head

Question 5

elaborative rehearsal

Answer 5

involves additional memory aids like mnemonic devices.
***for example in order to remember that I should buy strawberries on my way home I’ll remember that I ate the most delicious strawberry cake in my friend’s party

Question 6

distribution if rehearsal

Answer 6

-massed practice
-distributed practice

Question 7

massed practice

Answer 7

involves using long study or practice sessions to encourage learning

Question 8

distributed practice

Answer 8

involves breaking up studying into multiple sessions spaced out over time.

Question 9

consolidation

Answer 9

The process of integrating new information into
stored information

Question 10

intentional learning

Answer 10

The participants are aware that their memory is going to be tested and they intentionally try to remember the materials

Question 11

incidental learning

Answer 11

Participants are unaware that there will be a memory test. They learn without any intention to learn.

Question 12

craik and Watkins -the amount of rehearsal-

Question 13

levels of processing craik and lockhart

Question 14

problems with levels of processing-transfer appropriate processing

Question 15

capacity and duration of the LTM

Answer 15

-UNLIMITED capacity
-Accessibility” problems rather than “availability”
-Recognition of names as belonging to classmates
- Good at matching names to photos
- Higher rate of forgetting for recall of names

Question 16

encoding

Answer 16

-Patterns of errors
-Mostly semantic errors, but also acoustic and visual

Question 17

forgetting -proactive and retroactive interference-

Answer 17

proactive interference is the condition when the old memory of a human interferes with his or her new memory.
retroactive interference is the condition when the new memory of the person interferes with his or her old memory

Question 18

STM vs LTM ( capacity /encoding /duration /forgetting)

Answer 18

STM LTM
7 ± 2 UNLIMITED
acoustic semantic
20s hours to lifetime
interference interference
rather than decay

Question 19

the mind of a mnemonist by Luria

Answer 19

-they have an unremarkable memory
-can reproduce long strings of words even after 15-16 years

Question 20

what is synesthesia?

Answer 20

-A combined perception, a crossing of two or more senses.
-when one sense is stimulated it triggers the other automatically for example when you hear your mother’s voice you see the color purple
-same stimuli evoke the same reaction
-undirectional means that the sound triggers the colors but not the way around

Question 21

mnemonic devices

Answer 21

1/ categorization/clustering
2/peg-word systems
3/method of loci
4/memory palace

Question 22

categorization/clustering

Answer 22

for example once you hear milk products than automatically you think of milk/cheese/yogurt

Question 23

peg-word systems

Answer 23

involves linking words with numbers.
for example,
-one is a bun
-two is a shoe

Question 24

method of loci

Answer 24

a strategy for memory enhancement, which uses visualizations of familiar spatial environments in order to enhance the recall of information.
for example, to recall if I locked my house door I should remember the fact that left the house

Question 25

memory palace

Question 26

the network !!

Answer 26

Network= Nodes + Connections (Associations)
the memory search starts with one node and travels via connection until the target node is found

Question 27

node activation

Answer 27

threshold activation depends on:
-how much activation is received
-how recently the activation is received
-the number of the previous activation, is it additive

Question 28

spreading activation of the node

Answer 28

once the node is activated it activates other nodes automatically
the activation is toward all the directions, some activation will be greater due to association quality