lecture 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

measurements of the memory

A

-recognition
-recall

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2
Q

recognition

A

Identify the item as the one you encoded
exple : mcq/ true false questions

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3
Q

recall
-3types-

A

Produce an item from memory. Fill in the blanks questions
-serial recall: repeat the items in the same order that you heard
-free recall: repeat the items in any order
-cued recall: recall the second word in a pair while they give you the first one ( A1-B1 and A2-B2)

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4
Q

what is the encoding similarity between recognition and recall

A

for both the recall and recognition the source has to be encoded

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5
Q

the difference in encoding for recognition and recall

A

+++for recognition
1/ maintenance rehearsal and repeated exposure to the material
2/smaller effects of organization at encoding

+++ for recall
1/elaborative rehearsal forming visual images of the material with attention to the context/ stronger connection with previously encoded material
2/aided by the organization of the material

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6
Q

retrieval for recognition/ recall
- source memory
-familiarity

A

source of memory : time/ episode /place/context

++recall: source memory
++recognition: source or/and familiarity

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7
Q

propagandist’s dream

A
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8
Q

effects of preparation /expectation

A
  • when the participant expects a recall and gets a recall the grade is most probably less in comparison to if they expected a recall and get the recognition
    -when the participant expects recognition and gets a recall the grade will be less in comparison to if they expected recognition and get a recall
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9
Q

effect of context

A

the recall is best when the contexts of encoding and retrieval match
-psychological context
-physical context

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10
Q

encoding specificity -state-dependent learning-

A

Is the theory that if you have similar conditions when retrieving information at encoding then you are more likely to have a BETTER memory.
–so if the encoding of the info is in a land and the retrieval is also in a land then the probability of getting a higher grade is better than if then the encoding was in a land and the retrieval was underwater

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11
Q

mean no. of errors in recalling

A

-the retrieval of information in a sober state is less if the encoding was in a sober state and is higher in an intoxicated state
- the retrieval of information in an intoxicated state is higher if the encoding was in a sober state and less in the intoxicated state

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12
Q

mood and memory

A

the recall is best when the mood at study matches the mood at the test
+++mood serves as a retrieval cue of the memory

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13
Q

an episode with a Korsakoff amnesic

A
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14
Q

multiple memory systems

A

+declarative

+procedural

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15
Q

declarative memory

A

is the conscious recollection of the past
+semantic: recollection of facts
+episodic: recollection of events/episodes (first airplane trip)

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16
Q

procedural or the non-declarative memory

A

Past events influence current behavior
+skills like driving a car
+conditionning like crying when watching a sad movie
+priming is the unconscious influence of a past experience on the present behavior

17
Q

what is the implicit memory

A

-memory revealed by the indirect memory testing
-manifests in priming effects
-no intention of encoding or retrieval
-No conscious realization of being influenced by past experience
-often contrasted with the explicit memory

18
Q

direct and indirect tests of memory

A
19
Q

standard procedures

A
20
Q

implicit memory tests

A

indirectly measure the retention of information that has not been consciously attended to.

-perceptual tests
-conceptual tests
-non-verbal tests

21
Q

pure measures of memory

A
22
Q

process dissociation model (inclusion-exclusion)

A

+++inclusion: indirectly measure the retention of information that has not been consciously attended to.
-Retrieval from List = Retrieval + Automatic Processes

++exculusion: DO NOT complete the fragments with the words on the list. Find another word to complete it
- Retrieval from List = Pure Automatic Processes

23
Q

imaging of implicit and explicit memory

A

-explicit memory increased activity in the anterior prefrontal cortex
-implicit memory decreased activity in extrastriate visual cortex

24
Q

why is there decreased activity in priming?

A
25
Q

causes of amnesia

A

-brain damage ( hippocampus)
-chronic alcoholism ( Korsakoff amnesia)
-meningitis( inflammation of the membrane that surrounds the brain)
-viral encephalitis ( inflammation of the brain)

26
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

Inability to remember information learned prior to the event that caused amnesia