lecture 5

Question 1

measurements of the memory

Answer 1

-recognition
-recall

Question 2

recognition

Answer 2

Identify the item as the one you encoded
exple : mcq/ true false questions

Question 3

recall
-3types-

Answer 3

Produce an item from memory. Fill in the blanks questions
-serial recall: repeat the items in the same order that you heard
-free recall: repeat the items in any order
-cued recall: recall the second word in a pair while they give you the first one ( A1-B1 and A2-B2)

Question 4

what is the encoding similarity between recognition and recall

Answer 4

for both the recall and recognition the source has to be encoded

Question 5

the difference in encoding for recognition and recall

Answer 5

+++for recognition
1/ maintenance rehearsal and repeated exposure to the material
2/smaller effects of organization at encoding

+++ for recall
1/elaborative rehearsal forming visual images of the material with attention to the context/ stronger connection with previously encoded material
2/aided by the organization of the material

Question 6

retrieval for recognition/ recall
- source memory
-familiarity

Answer 6

source of memory : time/ episode /place/context

++recall: source memory
++recognition: source or/and familiarity

Question 7

propagandist’s dream

Question 8

effects of preparation /expectation

Answer 8

• when the participant expects a recall and gets a recall the grade is most probably less in comparison to if they expected a recall and get the recognition
  -when the participant expects recognition and gets a recall the grade will be less in comparison to if they expected recognition and get a recall

Question 9

effect of context

Answer 9

the recall is best when the contexts of encoding and retrieval match
-psychological context
-physical context

Question 10

encoding specificity -state-dependent learning-

Answer 10

Is the theory that if you have similar conditions when retrieving information at encoding then you are more likely to have a BETTER memory.
–so if the encoding of the info is in a land and the retrieval is also in a land then the probability of getting a higher grade is better than if then the encoding was in a land and the retrieval was underwater

Question 11

mean no. of errors in recalling

Answer 11

-the retrieval of information in a sober state is less if the encoding was in a sober state and is higher in an intoxicated state
- the retrieval of information in an intoxicated state is higher if the encoding was in a sober state and less in the intoxicated state

Question 12

mood and memory

Answer 12

the recall is best when the mood at study matches the mood at the test
+++mood serves as a retrieval cue of the memory

Question 13

an episode with a Korsakoff amnesic

Question 14

multiple memory systems

Answer 14

+declarative

+procedural

Question 15

declarative memory

Answer 15

is the conscious recollection of the past
+semantic: recollection of facts
+episodic: recollection of events/episodes (first airplane trip)

Question 16

procedural or the non-declarative memory

Answer 16

Past events influence current behavior
+skills like driving a car
+conditionning like crying when watching a sad movie
+priming is the unconscious influence of a past experience on the present behavior

Question 17

what is the implicit memory

Answer 17

-memory revealed by the indirect memory testing
-manifests in priming effects
-no intention of encoding or retrieval
-No conscious realization of being influenced by past experience
-often contrasted with the explicit memory

Question 18

direct and indirect tests of memory

Question 19

standard procedures

Question 20

implicit memory tests

Answer 20

indirectly measure the retention of information that has not been consciously attended to.

-perceptual tests
-conceptual tests
-non-verbal tests

Question 21

pure measures of memory

Question 22

process dissociation model (inclusion-exclusion)

Answer 22

+++inclusion: indirectly measure the retention of information that has not been consciously attended to.
-Retrieval from List = Retrieval + Automatic Processes

++exculusion: DO NOT complete the fragments with the words on the list. Find another word to complete it
- Retrieval from List = Pure Automatic Processes

Question 23

imaging of implicit and explicit memory

Answer 23

-explicit memory increased activity in the anterior prefrontal cortex
-implicit memory decreased activity in extrastriate visual cortex

Question 24

why is there decreased activity in priming?

Question 25

causes of amnesia

Answer 25

-brain damage ( hippocampus)
-chronic alcoholism ( Korsakoff amnesia)
-meningitis( inflammation of the membrane that surrounds the brain)
-viral encephalitis ( inflammation of the brain)

Question 26

retrograde amnesia

Answer 26

Inability to remember information learned prior to the event that caused amnesia