lecture 5a- memory: types of memory

Question 0

implicit memory

Answer 0

unconscious influence of life experiences on thought and behaviour

Question 1

explicit memory

Answer 1

conscious remembering of information about some event in your life

Question 2

recall

Answer 2

ability to generate info from some event that happened in your past

Question 3

recognition

Answer 3

ability to identify info that you have encountered in your past

Question 4

what is easier? recognition or recall?

Answer 4

recognition!

Question 5

ways of testing implicit memory: priming

Answer 5

present info and see whether if affects how well you do a task later

Question 6

ways of testing implicit memory: savings in relearning

Answer 6

if youve learned info on something b4, it will be easier to relearn!

Question 7

the stages of memory:

Answer 7

sensory memory
short term
long term

Question 8

sensory memory:

Answer 8

holds the info from all of your senses very briefly

Question 9

in the sensory storage, how long to auditory and visual sensory memory last?

Answer 9

auditory: 2-3s
visual: 0.5s

Question 10

what is the function of sensory memory??

Answer 10

lets you check your stuff and see what you want to pay attention to, if we pay attention, the stuff then goes onto the short term memory

Question 11

short term memory: 3 major properties

Answer 11

1. able to hold about 7 +/- 2 bits of info in the consciousness
2. in information is not rehearsed, it will be forgotten in about 30s
3. info is often held in sound-based code (inner voice)

Question 12

what is millers digit span task?

Answer 12

involves presenting a list of digits and asking people to report back the digits in order (usually people can only report back no more than 7+/-2 digits)

Question 13

chunking in short-term memory

Answer 13

people can hold more in STM by combining info into meaningful chunks (dvdciamci vs. htgswswp)

Question 14

forgetting from STM

Answer 14

people forget things from STM after about 30s, this was tested by brown, and peterson&peterson, the closer it gets to the 30s, the harder it is to remember

Question 15

what does STM even do?

Answer 15

1. allows you to keep in mind into that you need to achieve certain goals, like make sense of a scentance
2. allows you to draw info stored in long term memory, so that means that it is good for remembering past experiences and also good for making sense of things now

Question 16

what is the “word length effect”?

Answer 16

long words are harder to recall from STM than short words are, this is b\c long words take longer to say, people do not have enough time to keep them active in short-term memory through rehearsal, altogether this suggests that people rely on a sort of internal speech to hold information in a short-term memory store

Question 17

the serial-position effect

Answer 17

this is when people are given a list of things to remember and they are really good at remembering the first few things (this is the primary effect) and he last few items (this is the recency effect) presented.
-therefore this shows that people cant really remember the middle as well

Question 18

serial position: primary effect

Answer 18

first few items get transferred into LTM because they stand out

Question 19

serial position: recency effect

Answer 19

the last few items of the list are still in STM so that is why you can recall them

Question 20

long term memory, what is it??

Answer 20

it is where all of our experiences get stored, as well as everything we know
-some people think that info from LTM is organized based on similarities, such as meaning relationships, this may or may not be true (to the prof it isnt true)

Question 21

what are the types of LTM and what do they do?

Answer 21

procedural memory- stored info about how to do things

declarative memory- stored info about things that you know

Question 22

declarative memories (two types and what they do)

Answer 22

1. semantic memory- info about world knowledge that is not tied to any life experience
2. episodic memory- stored information about personal experiences tied to a specific time and place