lecture 5a- memory: types of memory Flashcards
implicit memory
unconscious influence of life experiences on thought and behaviour
explicit memory
conscious remembering of information about some event in your life
recall
ability to generate info from some event that happened in your past
recognition
ability to identify info that you have encountered in your past
what is easier? recognition or recall?
recognition!
ways of testing implicit memory: priming
present info and see whether if affects how well you do a task later
ways of testing implicit memory: savings in relearning
if youve learned info on something b4, it will be easier to relearn!
the stages of memory:
sensory memory
short term
long term
sensory memory:
holds the info from all of your senses very briefly
in the sensory storage, how long to auditory and visual sensory memory last?
auditory: 2-3s
visual: 0.5s
what is the function of sensory memory??
lets you check your stuff and see what you want to pay attention to, if we pay attention, the stuff then goes onto the short term memory
short term memory: 3 major properties
- able to hold about 7 +/- 2 bits of info in the consciousness
- in information is not rehearsed, it will be forgotten in about 30s
- info is often held in sound-based code (inner voice)
what is millers digit span task?
involves presenting a list of digits and asking people to report back the digits in order (usually people can only report back no more than 7+/-2 digits)
chunking in short-term memory
people can hold more in STM by combining info into meaningful chunks (dvdciamci vs. htgswswp)
forgetting from STM
people forget things from STM after about 30s, this was tested by brown, and peterson&peterson, the closer it gets to the 30s, the harder it is to remember
what does STM even do?
- allows you to keep in mind into that you need to achieve certain goals, like make sense of a scentance
- allows you to draw info stored in long term memory, so that means that it is good for remembering past experiences and also good for making sense of things now
what is the “word length effect”?
long words are harder to recall from STM than short words are, this is b\c long words take longer to say, people do not have enough time to keep them active in short-term memory through rehearsal, altogether this suggests that people rely on a sort of internal speech to hold information in a short-term memory store
the serial-position effect
this is when people are given a list of things to remember and they are really good at remembering the first few things (this is the primary effect) and he last few items (this is the recency effect) presented.
-therefore this shows that people cant really remember the middle as well
serial position: primary effect
first few items get transferred into LTM because they stand out
serial position: recency effect
the last few items of the list are still in STM so that is why you can recall them
long term memory, what is it??
it is where all of our experiences get stored, as well as everything we know
-some people think that info from LTM is organized based on similarities, such as meaning relationships, this may or may not be true (to the prof it isnt true)
what are the types of LTM and what do they do?
procedural memory- stored info about how to do things
declarative memory- stored info about things that you know
declarative memories (two types and what they do)
- semantic memory- info about world knowledge that is not tied to any life experience
- episodic memory- stored information about personal experiences tied to a specific time and place
