Lecture 5 - Tutorial

Question 1

Where does lymph fluid come from

Answer 1

Extra interstitial fluid from cells - gives a snapshot of what is going on around the body
LIPIDS FROM GUT/SMALL INTESTINE

Question 2

What do valves do

Answer 2

Allow for one way movement of fluid (lymph)

Question 3

What are the two parts of the pituitary

Answer 3

Anterior and Posterior

Question 4

How does lymph go back into veins

Answer 4

Goes from lymph vessels to lymph duct to subclavian vein

Question 5

What does the anterior pituitary produce

Answer 5

ACTH - affects adrenal cortex
GH - FOCUSED affects bone/muscle (growth hormone made, affects liver which makes insulin growth factor, which affects bone/muscle)
Gonadotropins - affects gonads/testes and ovaries
TSH - affects thyroid
Prolactin - affects mammary glands

Question 6

What does the posterior pituitary produce

Answer 6

ADH - affects kidney tubules
Oxytocin - affects Smooth muscle in uterus

Question 7

What are plaque

Answer 7

Aggregations of proteins in cell junctions

Question 8

What happens when you have multiple layers of cells re junctions

Answer 8

cells in layers still have ‘basal sides’ but these have the normally lateral junctions - not hemidesmosome

Question 9

Describe stratified columnar epithelium

Answer 9

Uncommon
Protection and secretion

Basal layers shortened irregular cells
only apical layer columnar

Part of urethra, large excretory ducts of some glands - oesophageal and pancreas and salivary, area of anal mucosa, part of conjunctiva of the eye

Question 10

Do stratified epithelia have cilia

Answer 10

NOT FOR THIS COURSE

Question 11

Describe stratified cuboidal epithelium

Answer 11

Features:
uncommon
protection, limited secretion, absorption
Appearance:
appears to have several layers (only apical layer cuboidal)
Location:
Ducts of sweat glands, oesophageal glands (lubrication and protection of oesophagus from stomach acid), part of male urethra

Question 12

Describe transitional epithelium

Answer 12

Uncommon
Variable appearance depending on tissue state fo stretch:
Relaxed
- looks like stratified cuboidal
- the outer layer large and ROUNDED SCALLOP SHAPED
On stretching:
- the outer layer flat and squamous-like
Location:
BLADDER

Question 13

If see red things in CT, what is it likely

Answer 13

Probably capillaries/blood vessels

Question 14

When the basal layer of stratified squamous epithelium is wavy, the CT under the waves is called

Answer 14

connective tissue papilla

Question 15

Where do endocrine glands usually act?

Answer 15

Generally distant from gland. Examples are the endocrine glands in endocrine system

Question 16

Where do exocrine glands usually act?

Answer 16

Generally locally. Examples include where the digestive juices leave pancreas. Comparatively, islets of Langerhaans go into blood

Question 17

Where is hyaluronic acid found

Answer 17

Cartilage (for cushioning and lubricating) - especially hyaline cartilage, and bones

Question 18

What is the CT of lymphatic fluid made from

Answer 18

Plasma and lymphocytes

Question 19

Where are the blood and nerves that go to muscle cells found

Answer 19

In the endomysium (around independent muscle fibres)

Question 20

Does cardiac muscle have sarcomeres

Answer 20

YES - only smooth doesn’t

Question 21

Are goblet cells rich with golgi

Answer 21

YES - and RER

Question 22

can you have dense bodies AND intercalated discs?

Answer 22

NO, only one

Question 23

At the same scale, what muscle type is biggest?

Answer 23

Skeletal - easy to tell apart for this reason and as cells are on the side