Lecture 5: STIs Flashcards
The percentage of women and men with STIs according to the Canadian Community health survey (2013-2014)
19% of women and 13% of men
Which group has the highest rate of STIs according to Canadian Community health survey (2013-2014)
young adults
What are the most common STIs among university students according to Canadian Community health survey (2013-2014)
Chlamydia, HPV and herpes
What are the 2 major Categories of STIs
Bacterial and Viral
Chlamydia
- Chlamydia Trachomatis
- The most prevalent bacterial STI in Canada
- Rates have been rising steadily since 1997
What are chlamydia symptoms for penises
50% asymptomatic, thin, clear discharge, mild discomfort on urination
What are chlamydia diagnosis for penises
urine sample
What are chlamydia symptoms for vaginas
75% asymptomatic, abnormal vaginal discharge, itching, burning, pain with urination
What are chlamydia diagnosis for vaginas
urine sample or vagina swab
What are chlamydia consequences
pelvic inflammatory disease, epididymitis
Gonorrhea
- the oldest of the sexual disease
- venereal disease
- caused by gonococcus bacteria
What are Gonorrhea symptoms for penises
White puslike discharge from urethra
What are Gonorrhea symptoms for vaginas
usually no symptomes, pelvic inflammatory disease
What are Gonorrhea diagnosis for penises
urine test
What are Gonorrhea diagnosis for vaginas
urine test and pelvic exam
What are Gonorrhea treatments
antibiotics
What are Gonorrhea consequences
Syphilis
- fairly uncommon now
- 2012 = 2003 new cases in Canada
- 2018 = 6311 new cases in Canada (slight increasing)
What are syphilis symptoms
chancre
What are the 4 stages of Syphilis
- Primary stage
- Secondary stage
- Latent syphilis
- Late syphilis
What are Syphilis diagnosis
- difficult to diagnose
- genital or pelvic exam, full body exam, blood tests
What are syphilis treatment
penicillin
HPV
- human papillomavirus
- more than 40 different types that cause genital warts and cancer
- types 6 and 11 cause genital warts
- non-reportable, so no national canadian data
What are HPV symptoms
- 90% asymptomatic
- genital warts appearing on the genitals
What are HPV diagnosis
inspection of the warts
What are HPV treatment
creams, freezing
Can you get warts in your mouth from HPV?
yes
HPV vaccine
- gardasil
- protect against 9 types of HPV
Herpes
- herpes simplex virus
- HSV-1 and HSV-2
- 16% of women, 11% of men
- non-reportable, so no national canadian data
What are herpes symptoms
- small, painful blisters on the genitals
- most contagious during an active outbreak
What are herpes treatment
- no cure
- drugs like valtrex can reduce frequency of outbreaks and make transmission less likely
Psychological impact of herpes
- range of responses
- STI related stigma
- STI related shame
- better outcomes for those who have fewer outbreaks
HIV and AIDS origin
- 1981 - first identifies in USA
- 1982 - first case in Canada
- 1984 - HIV was identified
- currently — a global pandemic
- only 46% have access to treatment
HIV and AIDs transmission
- exchange of bodily fluids (semen, vaginal secretions, blood, breast milk)
- in Canada new cases in the following groups:
- men who have sex with men (54%)
- heterosexuals who have sex with infected person (19%)
- heterosexuals who came from AIDs epidemic country (14%)
- people who inject drugs (13%)
HIV and AIDS highest risk behaviours
anal intercourse and vaginal intercourse
4 stages of HIV infection
- primary/acute infection — 2-4 weeks after exposure; nonspecific symptoms or no symptoms
- chronic asymptomatic infection — virus replication; nonspecific symptoms or no symptoms
- chronic symptomatic HIV infection — virus has reduced T4 cells, body is not able to fight off infections; non-specific symptoms
- AIDS-defining conditions - life threatening opportunistic infections take over (pneumonia, Kaposi’s sarcoma)
What are HIV and AIDS diagnosis - blood test
- ELISA
- Western blot
- rapid 60 second test
- home test kit
What are HIV and AIDS treatment
- no cure
- HAART
- adherance
How are HIV drugs paid for in Canada
Psychological Impacts of HIV and AIDS
- socially stigmatized disease
- depression
- impact on sexual life
HIV and AIDS
- challenges in developing vaccine
- preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
- genetic resistance
Trichomoniasis
- Trich
- caused by trichomonas vaginalis
What are Trichomoniasis diagnosis
urine sample or sample of vaginal fluid
What are Trichomoniasis symptoms in vaginas
vaginal discharge
What are Trichomoniasis symptoms in penises
irritation of the urethra, discharge
What are Trichomoniasis treatment
metronidazole or tinidazole
pubic lice
crabs
What are pubic lice treatment
nix, rid
What are pubic lice symptoms
intense itching
What are pubic lice diagnosis
find lice and eggs
reportable STIs in canada
- syphilis
- gonorrhea
- chlamydia
- HIV
prevention
- latex condoms
- dental dams
- washing genitals before sexual activity
- urinating before and after
