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PSYCH 101 > Lecture 5: Sensation Perception > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Sensation Perception Flashcards

1
Q

What is Sensation?

A

Stimulation of Sensory Organs (what our senses do)

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2
Q

What is Transduction?

A

Translation of physical energy from the environment to neural signals

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3
Q

What is Perception?

A

Processing, organization and interpretation of sensory input. (what our brain does ~ internal representation of the world)
Experiences play a role

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4
Q

What does “our touch w reality” mean?

A

Essentially, there are diff interpretations on the matter

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5
Q

What is the definition of reality according to the Matrix?

A

Real is electrical signals interpreted by the brain.

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6
Q

What is reality according to plato?

A

Allegory of the cave ~ nothing is real only ideas are real.

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7
Q

What are Individual Differences?

A

Taster vs super taster (diff tasting reality)

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8
Q

What is Psychophysics?

A

Study of relationships b/w physical stimuli and psychological experience (detected reality, sensitivity, and intensity)
We do not experience reality directly.

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9
Q

What is the Absolute threshold?

A

minimum stimulation necessary to detect a stimulus 50% of the time

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10
Q

Salt detection

A

1/2 g detected 20% of the time
1g detected 50% of the time
2g detected 85% of the time

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11
Q

What is the difference threshold?

A

The smallest difference between stimuli that can be reliably detected 50% of the time “Just noticeable differences” candle example

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12
Q

What is Weber’s Law?

A

Not the absolute amount of a stimulus that is added/taken away…it is about proportion

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13
Q

What must be in order to notice difference? Examples?

A

The two stimuli must be differing by constant proportion.
* Lighting - 8%
* Object weight - 2%
* Sound - 0.3%

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14
Q

What is Bottom up processing?

A

Taking individual bits of sensory info and using them to construct a perception

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15
Q

What is Top-down processing?

A

Perceptions that are influenced by our expectations or prior knowledge.

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16
Q

What is the McGurk Effect?

A

What we see can influence what we hear. Auditory component of one sound paired w visual component of another sound

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17
Q

What is the stimulus

A

visible light, Electromagnetic radiation (waves of electromagnetic field). Humans see 390-750)

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18
Q

What is the Iris in the eye?

A

Coloured area

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19
Q

What is the sclera

A

white area

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20
Q

what is the cornea

A

protects the lens and helps focus

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21
Q

what is the eye muscle

A

surrounds optic nerve and behind eyeball

22
Q

What is the Parts of the eye in order for sight?

A

Cornea -> pupil -> lens -> retina -> brain

23
Q

What is the purpose of the pupil

A

amount of light

24
Q

what is the purpose of lens

A

more focus

25
retina?
transduction
26
brain
perception
27
How does the retina aid in transduction?
Has photoreceptors at back of eye. converts light into neural impulses. *Photopigments change shape -> affects release of glutamate *signal sent to adjacent bipolar cells (sensory neurons) and ganglion cells *signal travels to brain via optic nerve
28
What are photoreceptors
rods and cones
29
what are rods?
120 million cells, high sensitivity, low activity, primary in periphery, black and white vision
30
What are cones?
5 million cells, low sensitivity, high acuity, primarily used in colour vision
31
What is Trichomatic Theory?
Three kinds of cones (L = red; long wavelengths, M = green; medium wavelengths, S = blue; short wavelengths)
32
What is colour blindness?
Having too little cones, produces colour blindness (dichromacy)
33
What is Opponent Process Theory?
Bipolar cells combine inputs from diff cone types ganglion cells respond in antagonistic way to opposing pairs of wavelengths (eg. red activated, green inhibited)
34
Info seen in the visual left field...
goes to the R side of brain and vice versa
35
Where does visual info cross?
At the optic chiasm
36
What does the optic nerve connect w
thalamus and then travels to V1(primary visual cortex -> occupital lobe)
37
Draw out diagram of visual sight
LOOK IN NOTEBOOK
38
What is blindsight
People who are cortically blind can still respond to visual stimuli that they cannot conciously see. People can accurately flick off targets in the Hollow face
39
What is the Hollow Face?
Visual action track (dorsal) isn't fooled by the illusion we experience through the visual perception track (ventral). Our hand knows what we don't consciously percieve
40
What is the Case of Dr P
Guy who thought wife was hat, had visual agnosia which is an imparment in recognition of visually presented objects.
41
What is prosopagnosia
inability to recognize human face. not b/c of a deficit in vision, languages, or intelligence
42
What is gestalt psychology?
how we group visual info to form perception. the whole is greater than a sum of the parts
43
what is depth perception
ability to see objects in 3d even though image that strikes retina is 2d develops early in life (eg visual cliff)
44
What are monocular cues
available to either eye alone
45
what are binocular cues
result from seeing w both eyes
46
What are monocular cue examples?
monocular cue, father object seen as smaller. (relative size) height seen as far. (elevation) object in front of another is closer. (interposition)
47
What is linear perspective
monocular cue, parallel lines reciede to vanishing point = they r closer lines tgth. more lines converge greater percieved distance railroad track
48
What is relative motion
movement direction -> object infront of fixation point move backward, object behind fixation point move forward.
49
How does movement speed work?
Close objects move fast, further objects move slower.
50
Example of binocular cue?
Retinal disparity: diff b/w objects projected on 2 eyes. objects further away from line of focus appear at increasingly diff locations on the retina (shift)
51
What is Ames' Room?
Distorted room aimed at making ppl appear to be diff sizes

PSYCH 101 (2 decks)

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