Lecture 5-self determination theory Flashcards
What is self-determination theory? (SDT) Ryan and Deci 2017)
Intrinsic motivation -acting out of inherent, interest or enjoyment
Extrinsic motivation -acting out for reward, or to avoid punishment
-Extrinsically motivated behaviors differ in their autonomy level
Different distinction proposed by the theory :
Autonomous motivation
Controlled motivation
What is amotivation, autonomous, motivation and controlled motivation?
Autonomous motivation: involves volition and choice and includes intrinsic motivation and well internalized forms of extrinsic motivation
-Behaviors performed with sense of volition and choice
- identified motivation: self importance behavior
- Integrated motivation: behaviors internalized, asmilatted with aspects of the self
- intrinsic motivation : behaviors shown as inherently interesting and rewarding
-Leads to behaviors shown out of interest, pleasure, or value-leads to enhanced performance and well-being
controlled motivation: involves an external or internal sense of compulsion and includes poorly internalized forms of extrinsic motivation
-Behaviors performed out of pressure or compulsion
-External motivation: behaviors controlled by external reward or punishment
-Interjected motivation: external expected behavior controlled by acknowledgment of value
-Leads to constricted behavior functioning-low performance and low well-being
amotivation - absence of motivation
-No value in activity, no perception of potential value or desired outcome or capacity
-Often leads to resentment, disengagement, poor performance
What are examples of external, Introjected, identified and intrinsic motivation?
External- external authority, fear of punishment, rule compliance
I will get in trouble if I don’t..
This is what I am supposed to do
Interjected -internal, esteem based pressure
I will feel bad about myself if I don’t…
I will feel ashamed of myself if I don’t…
Identified -own values or goals taken over from others
I want to understand the subject and I think it’s important to…
Intrinsic -inherent interest and the enjoyment
Ex I enjoy it and it’s interesting for me
What are basic psychological needs? Autonomous motivation.
Autonomous motivation is facilitated by satisfaction of 3 primary psychological needs:
1. Competence -capable and effective in negotiating important life tasks.
2. Relatedness - feeling connected to and being significant and cared for by others.
3. Autonomy-behaviors experienced as self determinded and volitional.
Needs are considered universal and innate
Focus not on need strength but on need satisfaction in different contexts
Needs are necessities for health
Greater satisfaction = greater well-being and more autonomous motivation
Frustration of needs = risk of ill-being and controlled motivation/amotivation
What is competence?
-More likely to engage in activities if one thinks one can do it
-Provision of structure: guidelines for behavior
-Involves expectations, explanations, administration of consequences
-Informational feedback
Example : school settings
Teachers competence supported -clear role descriptions
Student competence and engagement supported -clear expectations, and directions
What is relatedness?
-feelings of belonging and Connection
-Essential for motivations to become integrated
-Support in engaging in behaviors that at first seem neither interesting nor enjoyable
Environment support :
-Interpersonal involvement
-Provision of warmth and caring
-Can predict the internalization of extrinsically motivated behaviors
Example : internalization of positive school related activities, if children connected to parents
What is autonomy?
-critical to internalization and integration
-^^Endorsing one’s actions at the highest level of reflection**
-Behavioral engagement corresponds with personal values, interests, needs
Autonomy support :
-Taking note of other people’s perspective (children, students, partner)
-Perform actions that foster choice, self initiative, participation in decision making
-Supply meaningful rationales and relevance
-Abstain from language or actions conveying pressure
What are social and pervasive contexts? Autonomy supportive and controlling environments.
Autonomy supportive- perspective of individual acknowledged, encouraged to experiment and provide it with the choice; controlling language and contingences are minimized
-Relational support: expressions of caring, mutually sharing feelings, dedicated involvement
-Structure support: informational feedback, to promote satisfaction of the competence need
Examples
School -autonomy, supportive, teaching style-internalization of achievement values; better grades, and behavior and well-being
Work: autonomy, supportive management-job satisfaction, trust in company, higher performance, well-being
Healthcare: autonomy, supportive practitioners-improvements in health behavior and outcomes-weight loss, smoking cessation, dental care…
-Cultural values
Relation of cultural values and well-being
Individualism VS collectivism
Horizontal versus vertical authority structure
internalization of values, predicts well-being, authority structure, more difficult to internalized-experienced as more controlling
-Cultural aspiration
Slide towards more extrinsic life, goals leads to greater distress and lower wellness
-Economic systems
Choices and opportunities a system level allows developing capabilities to pursue what matters to individuals personally -capabilities predict well-being
Example : weekend effect
-Political systems
Perceived political human rights in various nations
Positively associated with capabilities and well-being
Effects mediated by need satisfaction
What’s the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic aspirations/life goals?
extrinsic
Accumulating wealth
Becoming popular /famous
Attractive image
Lower self-esteem
Lower vitality
Higher symptoms of depression, anxiety, and narcissism
intrinsic
Personal growth
Meaningful relationships
Contributing to community
Physical health
Psychological health
Well-being
What people pursue and why they pursue it makes a difference
Impact on well-being via basic needs satisfaction
Example
Controlling parents : stronger, extrinsic aspirations, more risky behavior, higher substance-abuse, need frustration, and poorer outcomes
